下面是小编为大家整理的国开(中央电大)本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8)试题及答案（精选文档）,供大家参考。希望对大家写作有帮助!
国开(中央电大)本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8)试题及答案4篇
第1篇: 国开(中央电大)本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8)试题及答案
国开(中央电大)专科《信息技术应用》网上形考(任务1至3)试题及答案
说明：试卷号：4947；
适用专业及层次：一村一相关专业。
形考任务1 试题及答案
1.以( )为核心组成的微型计算机属于集成电路计算机。
[答案] 微处理器
2.( )电子计算机诞生于1946。
[答案] 第一台
3.( )电子计算机使用的主要逻辑元件是电子管。
[答案] 第一台
4.一个完整的计算机系统应当包括( )。
[答案] 硬件系统与软件系统
5.( )是一种系统软件。
[答案] 操作系统
6.某单位的人事档案管理程序属于( )。
[答案] 应用软件
7.操作系统的作用是( )。
[答案] 控制和管理系统资源的使用
8.( )构成计算机的物理实体。
[答案] 计算机硬件
9.微型计算机中( )主要功能是进行算术和逻辑运算。
[答案] 运算器
10.下列设备中，( )属于输出设备。
[答案] 显示器
11.微机的核心部件是( )。
[答案] 微处理器
12.( )是微型计算机的运算器、控制器及内存储器统称。
[答案] CPU
13.CD-ROM是( )。
[答案] 只读光盘
14.下列不属于计算机应用范畴的是( )。
[答案] 水产捕捞
15.( )的特点是速度快、印字质量好，噪音低。
[答案] 激光式打印机
16.目前使用的防杀病毒软件的作用是( )。
[答案] 检查计算机是否感染病毒，消除部分已感染病毒
17.1MB =( )。
[答案] 1024KB
18.下列数中最小的数是( )。
[答案] （75）8
19.云计算是( )。
[答案] 将网络资源集中管理和调度，并以虚拟化方式为用户提供服务的
20.简单地说，物联网是( )。
[答案] 通过信息传感设备将物品与互联网相连接，以实现对物品进行智能化管理的网络
21.世界上第( )台电子计算机名为ENIAC。
[答案] 一
22.世界上第一台电子计算机采用的主要( )是电子管。
[答案] 逻辑元件
23.简单地说，计算机是一种不需人为干预，由能自动完成各种种算术和逻辑运算的( )。
[答案] 工具
24.( )的英文缩写是CAI。
[答案] 计算机辅助教学
25.运算器和( )的集合体称为CPU。
[答案] 控制器
26.能接收和保存数据及程序的装置称为( )。
[答案] 存储器
27.( )的有序集合叫程序。
[答案] 所有指令
28.将2个以上的（ ）整合在一起称为多核处理器。
[答案] CPU
29.内存储器相对于外存储器的特点是容量小、速度( )。
[答案] 快
30.2009年，Tilera公司发布了全球第一款( )核微处理器。
[答案] 100
31.计算机最基本的( )是键盘。
[答案] 输入设备
32.微机系统最基本的输出设备是( )。
[答案] 显示器
33.在( )中，必须首先配置操作系统。
[答案] 系统软件
34.多媒体计算机技术，是指使用计算机综合处理( )，使多种信息建立逻辑连接，集成为一个系统并具有交互性的技术。
[答案] 多种媒体信息
35.对网络系统而言，( )安全主要包括信息的存储安全和信息的传输安全。
[答案] 信息
36.计算机( )一般包括引导、传染和表现3个部分。
[答案] 病毒
37.在汉字系统中，由键盘输入的汉字拼音码属于( )码。
[答案] 音
38.( )ASCII码是7位字符编码。
[答案] 基本
39.字节与字长的关系是字长为字节的整( )。
[答案] 倍数
40.( )的计数方式是逢二进一。
[答案] 二进制
41.Windows 7 是一种( )的操作系统。
[答案] 单用户/多任务
42.在 Windows 7中，若要运行一个指定程序，应使用( )菜单中的运行命令。
[答案] 开始
43.Windows 7提供了一种( )技术，以方便进行应用程序间信息的复制或移动等信息交换。
[答案] 剪贴板
第2篇: 国开(中央电大)本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8)试题及答案
国开（中央电大）专科《理工英语1》网上形考试题及答案
单元自测1 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机，用查找功能（Ctrl+F）搜索题目
题目：
--- Haven"t seen you for ages, Mike. ________________
--- Pretty good. Everything goes well.
How"s it going?
题目：
---Hello, I"m Harry Potter.
---Glad to meet you. I"m Miller. But __________.
call me Paul.
题目：
Let"s meet at 7:30 outside the gate of ________.
the People"s Park
题目：--- Could you please tell me something about the two_______?
--- ___________. They arc exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.
Germans; All right
题目：--- Goodbye, everyone._______________
--- Bye, Sally! Don"t forget to write.
Stay in touch
题目：---Are you good at Building Materials, Rose?
---_______. But I will try to study it well this term.
Not very good
题目：---Can I help you, sir?
---I"d like to have 100 _____. I want my students to draw pictures.
pieces of paper
题目：---How are you?
---________
Fine, thanks.
题目：Each apartment only__________15 to 30 square meters for one unit.
takes
题目：I hope you"ll ________working with us in the future.
enjoy
题目：Now this tiny housing solution is ______________ in urban areas in the U.S., and Canada.
gain ground
题目：The __________ are eating _________ at the foot of the mountain.
sheep, grass
题目：The technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been ________ only to the very rich.
affordable
题目：To solve this problem, New York city planners are challenging tradition and starting to _________more micro units.
design
题目：Tony has many Chinese ______.
stamps
二、翻译：从以下A、B、C三个选项中选出与英文最适合的中文翻译。
1. That"s why tiny little apartments with a bedroom, a kitchen and a bathroom come into being.【C】
A. 这就是为什么小公寓的卧室,一个厨房和一个浴室。
B. 这就是为什么小的小公寓有一个卧室，一个厨房和一个浴室。
C. 这就是只有一卧一厨一卫的微型公寓形成的原因。
2. A beautiful little room with love and happiness is a great place to live.【B】
A. 一个美丽的小房间,爱和幸福是一个居住的好地方。
B. 一间充盈爱和幸福的小美屋就是宜居的好地方。
C. 一个美丽的小房间，爱和幸福是一个伟大的地方住。
3. It can also meet the need of people who are short on cash but determined to live in their own places.【A】
A. 它也能满足一些人的需要，他们缺钱，但又决心拥有一个自己的家。
B. 它也可以满足人的需要,缺钱但决定住在自己的地方。
C. 它也能满足需要的人谁是短期的现金，但决心生活在自己的地方。
4. Ted and William have lived under the same roof for five years.【A】
A. 泰德和威廉已经在同一屋檐下生活了五年了.
B. 泰德和威廉在同一个屋檐下生活了五年。
C. 泰德和威廉一起生活了五年。
5. If you travel alone and want to know better family life in Britain, you"d better stay in B & Bs.【C】
A.如果你独自旅行, 想知道更好的家庭生活在英国, 你最好呆在B & Bs。
B.如果你独自旅行，想了解英国的家庭生活，你最好呆在家里。
C.如果你独自旅行并且想更好地了解英国的居民生活，你可以住在B & Bs。
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Housing is the living places for human beings. As the population keeps climbing, People in the city have to face the reality that housing is in short supply. To solve this problem, New York city planners are challenging tradition and starting to design more micro units.
Micros, also known as hostel-style apartments, usually offer less than 200 square feet (18.5 square meters) in area. Could you imagine living in 150 square feet (14 square meters)? These units usually have only room for a bed, a table mini-fridge and the basic living essentials.
Why is the micro apartment so appealing? The reasons are rather straightforward. It is perfect for single people who don"t have a lot of things. It can also meet the need of people who are short on cash but determined to live in their own places.
Micro apartments are very common in cities like Tokyo and Hong Kong, where there are so many people living. Now this tiny housing solution is gaining ground in urban areas in the U.S., and Canada.
The micro apartment is an experiment in simplicity in American culture. So small-scale home life is part of a hot trend in U.S. real estate. Some people are proud of it. Some of them can find the humor and fun in their small places. But not everyone is in favor of the trend.
1.According to the passage, the next big trend in U.S. real estate is 【B】.
A. big house
B. micro apartment
C. traditional house
2.As the population keeps climbing, people in the city have to face the reality that 【A】.
A. housing is in short supply
B. housing is very sufficient
C. housing is a luxury goods
3.Why is the micro apartment so appealing? 【A】
A. It meets the need of someone.
B. It"s very strange.
C. It"s excellent.
4.Micro apartments are very common in some cities like 【C】.
A. Beijing
B. London
C. Tokyo
5.How do people think of the micro apartment? 【C】
A. Everyone likes it very much.
B. Some people think it"s humorous and fun.
C. Not everyone is in favor of the trend.
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Building a house costs quite a lot of money．Suppose you plan to build a house．Your first step will be to find a right piece of land．Your choice will depend on many different things．You will probably try to find a sunny place, with pleasant surroundings(环境) near shops and bus stops, not too far from your friends and the place where you work．
Next you will find a good builder, and together with the builder you will work out a plan．The builder will draw the plan．It will show the number of rooms, their position and size, and other parts, which must be noticed, such as windows, doors, and electric outlets．The builder will work out how much money is needed to build your house．He will work out the cost of the wood, bricks, the glass, and everything else that must be used in building the house．Later on, when he starts to build, this estimate(预算)must be corrected and revised(修订)．His estimate is based on existing prices, but prices of such things may change, and many other things may happen between the time when he makes the estimate and the time when he builds the house．
When the builder gives his estimate, you may wish to change your plan．(You may also wish to change your builder, if his estimate is too high!)You may find that the house you wanted at first costs too much, or that you can spend a little more and add something to your plan．The builder"s estimate depends on the plan, but the final plan depends on the builder"s estimate．
1．The best title of this passage would be 【C】
A．Building a House Costs Much Money
B．Estimate Is Important
C．Planning a House
2．The first thing for a person to build a house is 【B】
A．to get as much money as possible
B．to find a suitable piece of land
C．to work out a plan
3． The phrase draw a plan in this passage means 【A】
A．making a picture of a building or a room
B．making a plan
C．working out a plan
4．When the builder starts to build a house, his estimate will have to be corrected and revised because 【C】
A．it is wrongly worked out by a workman
B．the future owner of the house thinks the estimate is so high that he cannot afford the building．
C．The prices of building materials and the expenses(费用)of labor may be different from the
original prices and expenses
5．What is the relationship(关系)between the estimate and the plan? 【C】
A．The plan depends on the estimate．
B．The plan has nothing to do with the estimate．
C．The estimate and the plan depend on each other．
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的对话，选择合适的内容将对话补充完整。
SUN LI: Nice to meet you. I"m Sun Li.
HENRY:_____Are you a student of this university, too? 【C】
SUN LI: Yeah, this is my second year. I study Architecture. And what’s your major?
HENRY:_____ So, what subjects do you study this term? 【D】
SUN LI: _____【A】
HENRY: Oh, I see. I have English classes too. I have Air Pollution Control, Pollution Analysis, and Climate Change Control Technology.
SUN LI: Oh, really?! What do you think of your major?
HENRY: It"s wonderful. _____but Pollution Analysis isn"t my best subject. 【B】I like Climate Change Control Technology better. _____【E】
SUN LI: I like Building Materials best.
A.This semester we study English, Engineering Drawing, Construction Technology, and Building Materials.
B.I think the classes are really interesting,
C.Nice to meet you too.
D.Oh, My major is Energy and Environment.
E.How about you?
单元自测2 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机，用查找功能（Ctrl+F）搜索题目
题目：
Tom is________ than any other players in the school team．
taller
题目：— Sonia, do you think you are different from Linda?
— Yes. I"m ______ at drawing than her.
better
题目：— Which city has _________population, Beijing, Guiyang or Nanchang?
— Beijing, of course.
the largest
题目：—— What"s your present job?
—— _______________________
I"m a film-maker.
题目：—— Excuse me. You must be Mr. Liu Hua from China?
—— ___________________
Yes, nice to meet you.
题目：—— Have you had a nice journey?
—— ________________________
Sure
题目：—— I’m so excited to meet you. May I introduce myself to you?
—— ___________________________
Sure.
题目：—— Thanks for all the information, Peter. It sounds like you have an interesting job.
—— ______________________________
Yes, it"s very interesting, but stressful, too!
题目：Architect Mayur Kanaiya spoke__________ of the Langkawi Sky Bridge
highly
题目：But the Bridge was first _____ to the public, almost one year later, after a series of tests and evaluations.
open
题目：I really like that car you ________ and I am thinking of buying it.
recommended
题目：One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
old chinese stone
题目：The walls function like a dam to keep the water _____ and the structure lies naturally within its surroundings, remaining invisible from a distance.
out
题目：Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
two litter other
题目：You know, this bridge ______ Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau.
connects
二、翻译：从以下A、B、C三个选项中选出与英文最适合的中文翻译。
1. It has a total length of 49.968 km, of which 35.578 km will be built over the sea.【B】
A. 它总长度49.968公里，其中35.578公里在海上。
B. 它总长度49.968公里，其中有35.578公里是横跨在海面上的。
C. 它总长度49.968公里，其中35.578公里在海底。
2.I’d like you to meet the famous bridge designer, Mr. Liu Hua.【B】
A.我喜欢你去见见著名的桥梁设计师刘华先生。
B. 我想给您介绍下著名的桥梁设计师刘华先生。
C. 我们最好去见见著名的桥梁设计师刘华先生。
3. It’s a great example of treading lightly on the land.【A】
A．在桥上缓步行走是非常好的体验。
B．在陆地上交易是很好的体验
C．在陆地上轻微的交易是很好的体验。
4.While most bridges cross above water, the sunken bridge at Fort de Roovere in the Netherlands sinks just below it.【B】
A．然而大部分的桥都横跨水面，荷兰Fort de Roovere的这座下沉的桥则建在水面以下
B．大多数桥都建在水面上，荷兰Fort de Roovere的这座下沉的桥则建在水面以下。
C. 大多数桥都穿越水面，荷兰Fort de Roovere的这座下沉的桥则建在水面以下
5.Visitors can enjoy a very close experience with the forest and wildlife on the curving bridge.【B】
A．游客们能够与野生动物和森林有着更近的体验。
B．蜿蜒的桥面让游客能够近距离地体验森林与野生动物。
C. 游客们可以尽情享受丛林中的野生动物。
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
London"s River Thames has twenty-seven bridges. But Tower Bridge, the first bridge over the Thames as you travel to London from the sea, is the most famous of them all. What makes Tower Bridge so exciting? Why do visitors come from all over the world to see it?
The thing that is surprising about Tower Bridge is that it is open in the middle. It does this to let the big ships through to the Pool of London. If you are lucky enough to see the bridge with its two opening arms high in the air, you will never forget it.
On its north side stands the Tower of London itself. Although they look the same age, the Tower is almost a thousand years old, and Tower Bridge is only about one hundred, it was built in the 1890s. By1850, everyone agreed that a bridge across the Thames near the Tower was most necessary. But the designers argued about the new bridge for another thirtyyears. This took so long because they had two big problems.
l. Tower Bridge is 【C】.
A. about one thousand years old
B. the oldest and the most famous bridge in London
C. the first one you can see when you go from the sea to London
2. The Tower of London is 【B】.
A. across from the Thames
B. on the north of Tower Bridge
C. in the middle of Tower Bridge
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?【A】
A. You can see the bridge with its two opening arms high in the air at anytime.
B. By 1850 everybody thought it most necessary to have a bridge built across the Thames near
the Tower.
C. It took the designers thirty years to argue about the bridge before it was built.
4. Why is the bridge open in the middle?【C】
A. To make it special.
B. To attract (吸引) more people from the world to see it.
C. To let the big ship through to the Pool of London.
5. How long was the Tower Bridge built?【B】
A. A thousand years.
B. A hundred years.
C. Five thousand years.
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容进行判断，正确为T，错误为F。
One of the masterpieces of modern architecture, the fantastic Hangzhou Bay Bridge has been opened to the public since May 2008.
The Bridge is an S-shaped stayed-cable bridge with six lanes in both directions and is linking Ningbo"s Cixi county in the south to Jiaxing in the north. It shortens the highway travel distance between Ningbo and Shanghai by 120 kilometers, and reduces the driving time from 4 to 2.5 hours.
It is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world - 36 kilometers (22 miles) long. This fantastic bridge crossing the Hangzhou Bay is expected to have a 100-year lifespan, and has a price tag of 11.8 billion yuan (US$1.70 billion).
The toll fee is 80 yuan per vehicle. As the bridge has six lanes in both directions, you can be quite sure that you will have a smooth ride.
The speed limit is 100 kilometers / 62 miles.
The first preparations for planning the bridge started a decade ago; close to 600 experts spent nine years on designing the Hangzhou Bay Bridge. Chief Commander of the Bridge Project is Mr Wang Yong. The bridge was linked in 2007 and an opening ceremony was held on 26th June. But the Bridge was first open to the public, almost one year later, after a series of tests and evaluations.
1.The fantastic Hangzhou Bay Bridge has been opened to the public since May 2010.【F】
2.It is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world - 36 kilometers (22 miles) long.【T】
3.The toll fee is 100 yuan per vehicle.【T】
4.The speed limit is 100 kilometers / 62 miles【T】
5.Chief Commander of the Bridge Project is Mr Yang Yong.【T】
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的对话，选择合适的内容将对话补充完整。
Mary Johnson: Good morning, Mr. Liu! How good to see you! Have you had a nice journey?
Liu Hua: _____【D】
Mary: May I introduce an old friend of mine to you? Tony Smith is an architect and has a special interest in bridge design.
TonySmith: _____【A】
Liu Hua: How do you do? Mr. Smith. Nice to meet you.
Tony: Nice to see you, too. I know, you are the design leader of the Island & Tunnel Project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. It’s my honor to meet you here.
Liu Hua: _____【E】
Tony: It is said that the bridge is the longest cross-sea bridge in the world. How long is it?
LiuHua: Sure. You know, this bridge connects Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau. It has a total length of 49.968 km, of which 35.578 km will be built over the sea.
Tony: _____【B】
Mary: It sounds fantastic. I also want to see it when it’s finished.
LiuHua: No problem, you are welcome!
Mary: Now we’ll send you to the hotel and you can take a rest there. We’ll have a meeting on bridge design tomorrow morning.
Liu Hua: _____【C】
Tony: You’re welcome.
A. How do you do? Mr. Liu.
B. That’s great! I hope someday I can witness such a miracle!
C. Thank you very much for your help.
D. Glad to see you, too, Mary. Indeed, it’s been a very nice journey.
E. Thank you very much.
COMPLETE THE CARD WITH THE WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS GIVEN IN THE BOX.
_You need to include the following information. _
SENDER OF THE CARD: John Black
RECEIVER OF THE CARD: Mr.Ervin
congratulations greater success so happy
best wishes very much impressed
Dear Mr Ervin:
_____ 【Congratulations】on your being named this year’s outstanding manager. I once visited one of your branches and was _____.【very much impressed】
I am sure you deserve this honor. And I feel _____【so happy】for you. _____【Greater success】for even _____【best wishes】to you and your company in the coming year!
Sincerely,
John Black
单元自测3 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机，用查找功能（Ctrl+F）搜索题目
题目：
I’d love to ______with you my new kitchenware.
share
题目：
It is called solar cooker, a newly designed cooking device and there are many kinds of solar cookers _______.
available
题目：
It was _______ to see the students’ excitement when they discovered that simple materials could be used to cook food under the sun and the solar cooking really attracts those creative kids.
amazing
题目：--- Don’t forget to come to our party this weekend!
--- _____________________________
Sure. See you.
题目：--- We’d be pleased if you could join us for dinner.
--- ____________________________________
Yes, I’d be pleased to accept.
题目：--- We’ve booked a table. We hope you can join us?
--- _________________________________
How can I resist such a gracious invitation!
题目：--- why not dine out together and go to the movies?
--- ________________________________________
Sounds like a good idea.
题目：--- Would you care to join for the picnic tomorrow
--- _________________________________________
So sorry. Next time we"ll go, thanks anyway.
题目：--- Do you like reading books?
--- Yes. Each of us ______________ to do more reading in and after class.
is encouraged
题目：Li Lei is___ student in our class.
the tallest
题目：Nick _______ a job in a bank, but to our surprise, he didn’t take it.
was offered
题目：People who do not have wood must spend large amounts of money ________cooking fuel.
on
题目：Solar cooking is a _______cooking method.
convenient
题目：The bridge ______ two years ago.
was built
题目：This box is___ that one.
as heavy as
二、翻译：从以下A、B、C三个选项中选出与英文最适合的中文翻译。
1. It is getting more popular due to its high efficiency and its environmental friendliness.【A】
A．由于高效及环保的特点，太阳能锅越来越受到大众的欢迎。
B. 由于高效友好的特点，太阳能锅越来越受到大众欢迎。
C．由于经济环保的特点，太阳能锅越来越受到大众欢迎。
2. I’d love to share with you my new kitchenware.【B】
A．我很喜爱与你分享我的新厨具。
B. 我很乐意和你分享我的新厨具。
C．我很乐意平均分配我的新厨具。
3. I am eager to see this new device.【A】
A．我急切地想看到这个新设备。
B．我很激动看到这个新设备
C．我很乐意看到这个新设备。
4. People who do not have wood must spend large amounts of money on cooking fuel.【C】
A．那些没有足够木材的人们得花费大量的钱来烧饭。
B．那些没有足够多木材的人们得依靠大量的钱来购买烹饪燃料。
C．那些没有足够木材的人们得花费大量的金钱购买烹饪燃料。
5. Solar ovens consist of a system of reflectors and a cooking pot.【A】
A．太阳能灶是由反射镜及烹饪锅系统组成的。
B．太阳能灶是一个反射系统和一个锅
C．太阳能灶利用了反射系统和烹饪锅。
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
When Dr. Robert Metcalf first used a solar cooker, the future changed for millions of Africans. He knew that billions of poor people around the world depend on the use of wood for cooking. As they take more and more firewood from wild areas. They are destroying habitats around the world. Wood collection is one reason why many animals have become endangered.
But sunshine can be an alternative to fire. Dr. Metcalf says. Since his first solar cooked meal, he has helped people around the world to use simple new technologies to cook their food.
Each morning in villages across East Africa, small children and their mothers wake up and walk several miles to collect firewood to cook their food. It takes much of the day, and the heavy firewood they carry home on their heads lasts only a few days.
This is why Dr. Metcalf spends each summer in Africa. He teaches women and children in villages how to cook with the sun. So far, more than thirty thousand African families now have solar cookers, and new programs will introduce solar cookers to millions of families.
To find water, women and children may have to walk long distance to dig holes in dry riverbeds or to gather water from streams and shallow wells.
They fill their buckets（桶）and carry them home on their heads. The buckets often weigh as
much as forty pounds. Not only is finding water hard work, but the water is often polluted with
germs（细菌）that make people sick.
Dr. Metcalf and others developed a simple，reusable tool that people can use to make sure their water is safe to drink．The tool is calked a WAPI，which stands for Water Pasteurization Indicator. The pasteurization process is named after Louis Pasteur，who developed it in the 1800s.
1．Why did Metcalf help Africans use solar cookers?【C】
A．He wanted to help them to fight poverty．
B．He found it a dangerous job to collect firewood．
C．He realized using firewood is not good for the environment．
2．The underlined word it in the third paragraph probably refers to【A】．
A．collecting firewood
B．cooking food
C．cooking with the sun
3．Each summer Metcalf stays in Africa to 【C】 ．
A. do research on water
B. take care of sick people
C. spread the technique of using solar cookers
4．Water Pasteurization Indicator was developed to 【A】 ．
A. kill the bacteria in water
B. honor Louis Pasteur
C. make waste water reusable
5．It can be inferred from tile passage that【B】 ．
A．Africans find it hard to learn to use solar cookers
B．women and children in Africa usually lead a hard life
C．the water Africans drink is not clean though it is easy to get
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容进行判断，正确为T，错误为F。
Millions of people around the world cook their food over a smoky fire every day. It is often difficult to find wood for the fire. People who do not have wood must spend large amounts of money on cooking fuel. However, there is a much easier way to cook food using energy from the sun. Solar cookers, or ovens, have been used for centuries.
Solar ovens consist of a system of reflectors and a cooking pot. The rest is up to your imagination! Once you have collected or bought your solar oven, you can use it to prepare hot meals in the backyard, at a campground or wherever your heart desires.
Of all the inventions that could benefit humankind, a reliable solar cooker remains one of the most necessary. Countless people across the developing world still cook their food by burning wood or even cow dung, causing breathing problems and severe pollution in some regions.
The searching for a practical solar cooker has gone on for decades and produced dozens of models. But none of them have caught on importantly for use in the developing world because they can’t store heat. Without the ability to store heat, a cooker cannot be used, for example, on cloudy days.
But now a group based at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) is reporting a discovery in solar cookers. They say it will lead to the production of practical solar cookers within a year and a half and it can store enough heat during a sunny day to work for an entire additional day, even if it is cloudy.
* People who do not have wood must spend small amounts of money on cooking fuel.【F】
* There is a much easier way to cook food using energy from the sun.【T】
* Solar cookers, or ovens, have not been used for centuries.【F】
* Solar ovens consist of a system of reflectors and a cooking pot.【T】
* Without the ability to store heat, a cooker can be used, for example, on cloudy days.【T】
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的对话，选择合适的内容将对话补充完整。
HENRY: Hey, what are you doing this weekend?
MANDY: _____【D】
HENRY: Would you like to go for a picnic? The weather forecast says it will be sunny this Sunday.
MANDY: _____【A】
HENRY: Yes of course, and I will make some hamburgers.
MANDY: OK. Then I’ll bring some drinks, green tea, black tea, juice or cola?
HENRY: _____ By the way I will bring my new kitchenware for our picnic【E】
MANDY: New kitchenware? A cooker?
HENRY: Yeah! I just bought a solar cooker last month. It’s a new device that uses solar energy and it is getting popular due to its high efficiency and its environmental friendliness. People can cook easily with this new device. I’ll bring some fruit and some other food. We will make a wonderful picnic!
MANDY: _____【B】
HENRY: OK, I am looking forward to our picnic! Then See you on this Sunday!
MANDY: _____【C】
A. That’s a good idea. Shall I bring anything?
B. Wow! How amazing, I can’t wait for it!
C. See you!
D. I haven’t decided yet. What about you?
E. How about green tea?
单元自测4 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机，用查找功能（Ctrl+F）搜索题目
题目：---- ________________________ We are leaving on Sunday.
---- Yes, that’s a good idea.
Why don’t you join us?
题目：---- ______________________________
---- Yeah. It is the only professional museum about the railway system in China.
Do you know the China Railway Museum?
题目：---- Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the Linden Street?
---- _____________________________
Sorry, I’m new here.
题目：---- I’m going to Hainan for my holiday.
---- ________________________
Have a nice trip
题目：---- Welcome back, Mr. Smith! How about your business trip in Japan?
---- ___________________________
Oh, fantastic! Mr. Mark is so satisfied with our project.
题目：He’s wearing a red shirt and _______ jeans.
faded
题目：I’d like to have some big apples instead of small _____.
ones
题目：It was ___ who wrote those words on the blackboard.
he
题目：Oh, that museum was the old Beijing Railway Station. It______ the history of China’s railway development.
shows
题目：The book ________ on this subject was written by an old female writer.
referred to
题目：The train______ just three weeks ____ complete a journey that _____ six weeks by sea.
took…to；
takes up to
题目：This article deals with the natural phenomenon which _______ most interesting to everyone.
is
题目：Travelers _______ the efficient network, and find that their hometowns are not that far away.
benefit from
题目：We _______ two railway tickets online this Monday.
booked
题目：With comfortable seats and quiet cabins, this high-speed line______ a pleasant journey for thousands of travelers.
offers
二、翻译：从以下A、B、C三个选项中选出与英文最适合的中文翻译。
1.John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are not significant.【B】
A. 尽管约翰和他哥哥在年纪上相差很大，但他们的个性却不相同。
B. 尽管约翰和他哥哥在年纪上相差不大，但他们的个性却不相同。
C.尽管约翰和他哥哥在年纪上相差不大，但他们的个性相同。
2. Some of her pictures were shown in an art exhibition (展览会) in Shanghai when she was 4 years old.【C】
A. 她的一些画就在上海的一个艺术展览会上展出。
B. 她在一个艺术展览会上展出她的画。
C. 四岁的时候她的一些画就在上海的一个艺术展览会上展出。
3.Since the earth looks like a ball, the sun can shine on only half of it at a time.【B】
A.太阳一次只能照到它的一半，地球看上去像一个球。
B. 由于地球看上去像一个球，太阳一次只能照到它的一半。
C.地球看上去像一个球，太阳一次只能照到它的一半。
4. From the East Coast to the West Coast it is about 3, 000 miles wide.【A】
A. 美国领土的东西宽度约为3000英里。
B. 美国领土为3000英里。
C. 美国领土的东西宽度为2000英里。
5. It’s very important to maintain your current weight through exercise and healthy eating.【C】
A. 非常重要的通过锻炼和健康饮食来保持你目前的体重。
B. 锻炼和健康饮食来保持你目前的体重是非常重要。
C. 通过锻炼和健康饮食来保持你目前的体重是非常重要的。
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
High-speed rail is a type of rail transport that operates significantly faster than traditional rail traffic, using an integrated system of specialized rolling stock and dedicated tracks. While there is no single standard that applies worldwide, new lines in excess of 250 km/hr and existing lines in excess of 200 km/hr are widely considered to be high-speed, with some extending the definition to include much lower speeds (e.g. 160 km/hr) in areas for which these speeds still represent significant improvements. The first such system began operations in Japan in 1964 and was widely known as the bullet train. High-speed trains normally operate on standard gauge tracks of continuously welded rail on grade-separated right-of-way that incorporates a large turning radius in its design.
Many countries have developed high-speed rail to connect major cities, including Austria , Belgium, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, South Korea, Sweden, Taiwan, turkey, United Kingdom, United States and Uzbekistan. Only in Europe does HSR cross international borders. China has 16,000 km of HSR, accounting for 60 percent of the world’s total. While high-speed rail is usually designed for passenger travel, some high-speed systems also offer freight service.
1. High-speed rail is a type of rail transport that operates significantly than traditional rail traffic. 【A】
A. faster
B. slower
C. as fast as
2. According to the passage, which of the following is true?【A】
A. there is no single standard that applies worldwide.
B. there is a standard that applies worldwide
C. there are two standards that apply worldwide
3.When did the first such system widely known as the bullet train begin operations in Japan ?【C】
A. in 1964
B. in 1966
C. in 1946
4. The underlined word freight at the end of the paragraph means 【B】 .
A. military
B. cargo
C. health
5. The best title of this passage would be 【B】.
A. Traditional Rail Traffic
B. the Bullet Train
C. High-speed Rail
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容进行判断，正确为T，错误为F。
The world’s longest high-speed railway route, running from Beijing to Guangzhou, has been in operation for a few years. It cuts travel time between the two cities from 22 hours to only 8 hours. With comfortable seats and quiet cabins, this high-speed line offers a pleasant journey for thousands of travelers.
The high speed railway connects Beijing with five provincial capitals. Part of the line, from Zhengzhou to Guangzhou, was in operation before the whole line was connected. The opening of the Beijing to Zhengzhou section has connected the entire line. It covers a total length of 2,298 kilometers.
The Beijing-Guangzhou line connects one third of China’s population and more than 40 percent of its economic power. Travelers benefit from the efficient network, and find that their hometowns are not that far away.
As the American publication _Newsweek_ puts it: China is now engaged in a railway revolution. These 350 kilometer per hour high-speed railway trains have made the country’s vast territory substantially smaller, and changed the country economically.
1.The world’s longest high-speed railway route, running from Beijing to Guangzhou, has been in operation for a few years.【T】
2.It cuts travel time between the two cities from 22 hours to only 6 hours.【F】
3. The opening of the Beijing to Zhengzhou section has linked with the total route.【T】
4.The Beijing-Guangzhou line connects one third of China’s population and more than 40 percent of its economic power.【T】
5.These 350 kilometer per hour high-speed railway trains have made the country’s vast territory considerably smaller, and changed the country economically.【T】
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的对话，选择合适的内容将对话补充完整。
_LI QIANG AND HIS BROTHER WILL GO TO BEIJING. HE IS TALKING TO WANG NING ABOUT THE PLAN._
WANG NING：So, you’re going to Beijing on Sunday, Li Qiang?
LI QIANG：_____ We booked two railway tickets online this Monday. 【C】
WANG：That’s really cool! I’m always dreaming of going to Beijing, seeing famous places with unique buildings, such as the Forbidden City, Summer Palace, etc.
LI: _____ . 【A】
WANG: Oh, that museum was the old Beijing Railway Station. It shows the history of China’s railway development. _____.【D】
LI：Why don’t you join us? We are leaving on Sunday. _____.【B】
WANG：Ok, then count me in. Are you taking a high-speed railway?
LI:_____. Besides, it’s comfortable. 【E】
A. And the China Railway Museum is a must.
B. You still have two days to get yourself prepared.
C. Yes, my brother and I are going together.
D. It’s worth visiting. I’ve been planning to go for a visit for a long time.
E. Yeah, the high speed railway is very quick and convenient.
单元自测5 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机，用查找功能（Ctrl+F）搜索题目
题目：
--- A: Could we make a tentative appointment for, say, this Saturday?
---B: ________
That’s fine for me.
题目：--- ________ you ________ free tomorrow?
--- No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
Are; going to be; will be
题目：--- A: Hello, Bill Burton speaking.
--- B: Hello, Mr. Burton, this is Jenny Jenkins of Bradford and Sons returning your call.
What can I do for you?
题目：--- A: I can put you down for eleven o’clock. Is that OK?
--- B:
Oh, I’ll be having an interview that time. How about 3 o’clock in the afternoon?
题目：--- A: I have an appointment with Mr. Xie at about 10 o’clock tomorrow morning, but would you please postpone it to sometime next week?
---B: ________
All right.
题目：--- A: I have many questions about studying abroad.
--- B: Would you like to make an appointment?
Let"s say Wednesday afternoon at two?
题目：How often________to the dentist?
do you go
题目：I have an appointment with Mr. Xie at about 10 o’clock tomorrow morning, but would you please________it to sometime next week?
postpone
题目：In learning a foreign language, one should first pay attention________speaking．
to
题目：Jamie wants to speak to me________private.
in
题目：My agenda is quite full for the whole week, so I can"t________an appointment with you.
make
题目：Seldom ________ his wife punishes her children for speaking out their own ideas freely.
have I seen
题目：Support facilities for electric cars, such as charging stations, have been built or are the process of being built in many cities across the country.
in
题目：There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
is going to be
题目：We are all for your suggestion that the trip ________ .
be put off
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Cars are an important part of life in the United States. Without a car most people feel that they are poor. And even if a person is poor he doesn"t feel really poor when he had a car.
Henry Ford was the man who first started making cars in large numbers. He probably didn"t know how much the car was going to affect American culture. The car made the United Stated a nation on wheels. And it helped make the United States what it is today.
There are three main reasons why the car becomes so popular in the United States. First of all, the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in it. The car provides the most comfortable and cheapest form of transportation. With a car people can go anyplace without spending a lot of money.
The second reason cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public transportation. Long-distance trains have never been as common in the country as they are in other parts of the world. Nowadays there is a good system of air-service provided by planes. But it is too expensive to be used frequently.
The third reason is the most important one, though. The American spirit of independence is what really made cars popular. Americans don"t like to wait for a bus, or a train or even a plane. They don" t like to have to follow an exact schedule. A car gives them the freedom to schedule their own time. And this is the freedom that Americans want most to have.
The gas shortage has caused a big problem for Americans. But the answer will not be a bigger system of public transportation. The real solution will have to be a new kind of car, one that does not use so much gas.
1. We can learn from this passage that Americans【B】
A．spend a lot of money traveling by car
B．travel a lot in their cars
C．seldom travel by plane
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE? 【C】
A．In the United States even the poor own cars.
B．In the United States all the poor have no cars.
C．An American will feel poor unless he has a car.
3. In the writer"s opinion, cars are popular in the United States mainly because【A】
A．Americans like to plan their own time
B．The United States does not have enough public transportation
C．Americans will not feel poor when they travel in their cars
4. A nation on wheels in the second paragraph means that【B】
回答不正确
A．everyone in the United States owns a car
B．the United States produces most of the cars in the world
C．cars play an important part in American"life
5. The real solution to the gas shortage problem is【C】
A. to make less cars
B. to develop a public transportation system
C. to make gas-saving cars
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Car crashes are the top killer of American teenagers. Most of the crashes result from distracted driving—not paying attention to the road.
Ryan Didone was a fifteen-year-old passenger in a car that hit a tree. He was one of the nation"s more than thirty thousand victims of traffic crashes in 2008. Nearly four thousand deaths, about twelve percent involved drivers age fifteen to twenty.
Ryan"s father, Thomas Didone, is a police captain in Marylan. It was an inexperienced, immature driver driving at night with a carload of kids. He was distracted, he was going too fast, and it ended up causing one death and some seriously injured. He shares the story of his son"s death to help educate teens and their families about distracted driving.
Jim Jennings from the Allstate Insurance Company says the number one cause of distracted-driving accidents is the mobile phone. He says talking on the phone or reaching for it is like drinking four beers and driving. If you"re texting while driving, you are twenty-three times more likely to get into an accident than somebody who isn"t.
Government and private groups are using public service announcements and events to bring more attention to the problem. For example, the insurance industry recently held a safety event for teen drivers. At first, nineteen-year-old Kevin Schumann easily avoided large, inflatable dolls thrown in front of the car to represent children. He also avoided orange cones representing the edge of the road. Then, as part of the test, he started texting. He hit several cones and at least one doll. That"s what really opened up the experience for me to prove how bad it is to really text and drive.
Debbie Pickford of Allstate Insurance says teens are especially at risk from distracted driving —and not just because they lack experience on the roads. According to the research, teens don"t really have fully developed brains until they’re twenty-five years old. You put those two things together and you get a much,much higher risk. A new law proposes a graduated driver licensing system. Graduated means teenagers start with restrictions like on night driving and numbers of passengers. They could not get a full driver"s license until age eighteen.
1.According to the passage, 【A】 is the most likely to lead to a traffic accident while you are driving．
A．texting on the mobile phone
B．reaching for a cell phone．
C．talking on the mobile phone
2. We can learn from the second paragraph that【B】．
A. drivers who resulted in nearly 4,000 deaths are teenagers
B. over 30,000 victims have died from traffic crashes so far
C. it was at night that Ryan Didone died from a car accident
3. A safety event held by insurance industry was meant to 【B】.
A．attract more teenagers to take part in it
B．draw enough attention to teenagers" distracted driving
C．make more teenagers practice avoiding large barriers
4. The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about 【C】．
A．much higher risk
B．teen brain development
C．measures to be taken
5. Of all the following, which is the best title for the passage?【B】
A．Car Crashes —the Top Killer.
B．Distracted Driving —Let"s Avoid!
C．Drunken Driving — Dangerous Enough！
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容进行判断，正确为T，错误为F。
In recent years, the Chinese auto industry has seen rapid growth, with the demand on private cars rising sharply in Chinese cities since 2002.
By 2009, China has replaced the U.S. to become the world’s largest auto market. As an important part of the world car industry, the global auto industry will shift further to China. This brings historical opportunity to China’s auto market.
Currently, both the development of China’s auto market and the changes in consumer demand for vehicles are ever-increasing. China’s auto industry will continue to grow in the next decade. It means there is still huge room for its development. China has an urban population of more than 600 million. It also has a huge agricultural vehicle market in the rural areas. Hence, there is no doubt for China’s development of auto industry. That is also the reason why the world’s auto producers are paying more attention to the Chinese market.
1. The demand on private cars increased greatly in Chinese cities since 2002.【T】
2. China has become the world’s largest auto market.【T】
3. China’s auto industry tends to decrease in the next decade.【F】
4. China has an urban population of less than 600 million.【F】
5. The reason why the world’s auto producers are paying more attention to the Chinese market is that China’s auto industry developed very quickly.【T】
二、阅读理解：阅读下面短文，选择合适的内容将短文补充完整。
A WELCOME SPEECH
A. set new goals
B. keep growing
C. take this opportunity to
D. made the right decision
E. my great honor
I am Peter, Sales manager of the company.
First of all, I would like to _____ welcome you to our company. 【C】
Our company is one of the leading companies in the electric car industry. I am sure you will be proud of being a member of our company. It is always _____ 【E】to keep the business going.We need to _____ 【A】for ourselves all the time. As you are fresh, energetic and equipped with new knowledge and new ideas, soon you will realize that you’ve _____ 【D】to join us.
Work hard, not only for our company but also for yourself. That’s the only way for you and our company to _____.【B】
Again I would like to welcome you and from today on, let’s work together and succeed together.
单元自测6 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机，用查找功能（Ctrl+F）搜索题目
题目：
—________
— Oh, no, Frankly speaking, I seldom do online shopping.
Got any good deals?
题目：
I’m ________a business trip for APEC summit, sir.
on
题目：________ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
As
题目：—________
— I mean the best way is using your own mobile phone or computer to operate it.
What do you mean?
题目：— A: ________are the most popular things people buy online?
— B: Definitely, clothes.
What do you think
题目：— We have to stay at home for a whole day. Why not go out and have a walk?
—________
It sounds like a good idea.
题目：— Susan ,what do you think of my plan?
— _______________
It’s reasonable .
题目：Cleaner heating system will________in Beijing to control air pollution.
be established
题目：For days, smog persisted in many areas. China is________to control air pollution.
taking measures
题目：Have you filled in the application form ________ your passport yet?
for
题目：I suppose you know everything about that event, ________ ?
don"t you
题目：If he persists________
in asking
题目：Listen to the two girls by the window. What language________?
are they speaking
题目：Miss Liu doesn"t mind _______ your homework as long as it is done by yourself.
your delaying handing in
题目：There is no doubt __________Herbert is the most industrious student in our class.
that
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容和所给信息将短文补充完整
A THANK-YOU LETTER
Dear Professor Smith,
Many thanks for your _____【friendliness and hospitality】(友好和热情)during _____ 【our delegation】(我方代表团) recent visit to your university.
It was nice of you to introduce us to some famous professors and celebrated scholars at your university. We had a safe and sound trip home.
Now we _____ 【have resumed】(重返工作岗位) our work.
Again, _____ 【on behalf of】(代表) the group, I would like to _____【express our thanks to you and your team】(对你和你的团队表示感谢). Meanwhile, I hope you will someday pay a visit to our university and give us more talks on Modern Western Economics.
Sincerely yours,
Tony Wang
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Air pollution
People and air pollution are often in the same places. This means that cities with large populations have the biggest problem of dirty air. Air pollution is caused by many different things. A major kind of air pollution is the gas from cars. Statistics (统计资料) show that 93 percent of all auto trips are within cities.
Another major kind of dirty air is the burning of coal and oil for energy. This energy is needed to make electricity. Of course, much more electricity is used in the city than in the country.
On the average, we throw away more rubbish than the year before. The burning of rubbish makes air pollution even worse. Many major industries are also responsible for the dirty air in the around cities. The fumes (烟) from iron, steel, chemical, and petrol production add particles (微粒) to the air.
The effects of air pollution range from mild headaches to death. The levels of pollution found in heavy traffic may cause headaches for loss of clear vision. Wherever coal and oil are used for fuel, fumes may kill trees and plants and cause metal to corrode (腐蚀). In some of the larger cities, these fumes endanger the lives of human beings by contributing to lung diseases and causing early death.
1. The key point of the passage is that 【B】.
A．the cause of air pollution is people
B．the causes and the effects of air pollution are both found in cities
C．the effects of air pollution range from headaches to death
2. What is the purpose of this passage? 【A】
A．to persuade people to stop polluting the air
B．to tell the causes of air pollution
C．to tell why cities are bad places to live
3. Why is air pollution more grave in the city than in the country? 【C】
A．Because there are larger populations in cities.
B．Because the air in the city is dirty.
C．Because there are much more gas fumes from cars and burning of coal and oil for energy in the city than in the country.
4. The fumes from coal and oil may cause metal 【A】.
A．to corrode
B．to twist
C．to turn black
5. In larger cities, the fumes from coal and oil may contribute to 【C】.
A．heart disease
B．loss of clear vision
C．lung diseases
二、阅读理解：阅读下面短文，选择合适的内容将短文补充完整。
A. to cook or heat your home
B. checked regularly
C. to reduce air pollution
D. Use less electricity
E. Raising any sort of livestock
Man-made air pollution mainly comes from two sources: mobile ones and stationary ones. Mobile sources are cars, planes, boats, etc. Stationary sources include large factories, power plants and every household, which burns natural gas or wood. The most important ways _____【C】 are to drive less, use less electricity and natural gas, and eat vegetarian.
_THESE IDEAS ARE EASY TO FOLLOW:_
1. Get your car _____ 【B】to make sure everything works properly. Whenever possible, walk, cycle, carpool, or use public transportation. Buy fuel-efficient vehicles. Drive at 60 mph or less to improve gas mileage.
2. Burn less natural gas _____ . 【A】 Instead, use a solar cooker or heater and wear extra layers.
3. Become a vegetarian or a vegan. _____【E】 requires more land and emits more carbon dioxide than simply growing crops directly for human food.
4. _____. 【D】Coal power plants produce most of the world’s electricity, and they also produce more carbon dioxide than any other source. Coal plants also release many other pollutants. Unplug televisions, cell phone chargers, and other appliances while not in use. Most devices continue to use small amounts of power even when they’re turned off. Avoid using air conditioning, and don’t leave the fridge open any longer than necessary. Only run the clothes washer or dish washer when full. Rather than using a dryer, hang clothes on a line to dry in the sun.
单元自测7 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机，用查找功能（Ctrl+F）搜索题目
题目：
___________ you busy with the Singles Day?
Are
题目：
—________
— Oh, no, Frankly speaking, I seldom do online shopping.
Got any good deals?
题目：—________
— I mean the best way is using your own mobile phone or computer to operate it.
What do you mean?
题目：— A: ________are the most popular things people buy online?
— B: Definitely, clothes.
What do you think
题目：— We have to stay at home for a whole day. Why not go out and have a walk?
—________
It sounds like a good idea.
题目：— Susan ,what do you think of my plan?
— _______________
It’s possible.
题目：All the trees______ last summer.
were planted
题目：Besides, you need to protect your password, because all the transaction _______ through your bank account.
is carried out
题目：He __________ a book when the telephone rang.
was reading
题目：Now tell me, how can you separate yourself ____the other person?
from
题目：Separate passwords for every account make __difficult for cyber criminals to hack you.
it
题目：The Prize in Economics ______ in 1968, that is, more than half a century ago.
was established
题目：You can ask these experts __________advice in job hunting?
for
题目：You can buy almost everything, _______ you have access to the Internet and enough money.
as big as
题目：You know, online shopping has so many ______.
advantages
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容进行判断，正确为T，错误为F。
An ebook (also referred to as an electronic book, eBook, or e-book) is a digital version （版本）of a print book that you download and read. But if you want to read an ebook, you must have an Ebook Reader, which is a kind of free software used by your computer. Make sure you have installed the appropriate Reader before you download your ebook from the Internet. The software allows you to turn the words on the screen into the size you like. It also helps you turn pages and change your viewing options (计算机屏幕上的阅读选择) Ebooks are a fun alternative to regular books. You can download them to any computers and create your own library of hundreds of titles. If you load them onto your portable computer, you can take them with you when you travel. Some ebooks are even interactive! Best of all, when you order an ebook, their is no waiting and no shipping charges. The amount of time it takes to download your ebook depends on the speed of your connection and the size of your ebook.
1. From this passage, we learn that an ebook 【C】.
A．can be found in any library
B．can be read directly from the Internet
C．can be read when special software is installed
2. The Ebook Reader is used for 【C】.
A. reading an ebook you"ve downloaded
B. turning a print book into a digital version
C. downloading an ebo0k from the Internet
3. From this passage, we can learn that 【A】.
A. you can read an ebook on a laptop when you travel
B. you can order an ebook using the Ebook Reader
C. the ebooks ordered have to be shipped to you
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? 【C】
A. An ebook is ordered in the same way as a print book is.
B. The size of the words in an ebook cannot be changed.
C. The downloading time is decided by the ebook"s size.
5. The passage is mainly about 【B】.
A. a better way to download an Ebook
B. a new kind of book - the Ebooks
C. the new version of Ebooks
二、翻译：从以下A、B、C三个选项中选出与英文最适合的中文翻译。
1. The study shows that our computers are superior to those of our competitors in terms of functions and speed.【A】
A．研究表明，我们的计算机在功能和速度两方面都优于我们的竞争对手。
B．研究表明，我们的计算机与我们竞争者的产品在功能和速度方面有差异。
C．研究表明，我们的计算机在效率和速度方面都与其它厂商不同。
2. Use of the overcharge on your account and we have contacted the store on your behalf and are awaiting their reply. 【C】
A．承蒙告知您受到恶意透支的指控，我们已经派代表与商店联系并正在等待回音。
B．承蒙告知您的帐户存在问题，我们已经和商店联系过并正在等待他们的回答。
C．承蒙告知您的帐户被多扣款一事，我们已代您与商店联系，正在等待他们回复。
3.Though technically quite advanced today，the Internet is far from being popular with average household users in some developing countries. 【A】
A．尽管互联网技术现在已经很先进，但在一些发展中国家还未受到家庭用户的广泛青睐。
B. 很先进，但在一些发展中国家还远远没有普及到一般家庭。
C. 尽管今天科学技术已经很先进，但在一些发展中国家互联网离大众的生活还是很远。
4. You can buy almost everything, as long as you have access to the Internet and enough money. 【A】
A. 只要有网络和足够多的钱，你可以通过网络买到任何东西。
B. 如果你有网络和钱，就可以买到任何东西。
C. 只要有网络和足够多的钱，你就可以买到任何东西。
5. When in doubt, it’s best to delete or if appropriate, mark as junk item. 【B】
A. 当有疑问，最好是立刻删除，或者，如果合适的话，标为垃圾信息。
B. 一旦有疑问，最好是立刻删除，或者，如果合适的话，标为垃圾信息。
C. 一旦有疑问，最好是立刻删除，或者，合适的话，标为垃圾。
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容进行判断，正确为T，错误为F。
When a few college students jokingly declared Nov. 11 a National Singles Day in the 90s in China, they would never be able to imagine that they were creating the biggest online shopping spree in the world. It started as a way for young people to make fun of themselves as being single and invite other single friends to have fun at bars, restaurants and karaoke rooms. They chose 11/11 because 1 is the loneliest number, etc. Then businesses began to take notice.
In 2009, online retail giant Alibaba announced it would be selling everything at half price on taobao.com on Nov. 11. It was the first time for Chinese single men and women, and indeed married people, too, to enjoy the huge discounts in online shopping on the Singles Day. Over the last few years, Alibaba, JD and other Chinese e-commerce companies all expanded their one-day discounts, and sales grew dramatically.
In 2014, Alibaba Group scored $5.71 billion on November 11, setting a new record for the e-commerce giant since it started the Singles Day sales five years ago. That was much higher than the combined $3.7 billion online sales of Thanksgiving Day, Black Friday and Cyber Monday from desktop computers in the U.S.A.
1. In 2009 Alibaba began to sell everything at half price at taobao.com on Nov. 11.【T】
2. Some companies like Alibaba expanded their two days discounts and sales grew dramatically.【F】
3. In 2014, Alibaba scored $4.71 billion on November 11.【F】
4.Thanksgiving Day has got the best selling。【F】
5. They chose 11/11 because 1 is the loneliest number.【T】
二、阅读理解：阅读下面短文，选择合适的内容将短文补充完整。
LEAVE A MESSAGE TO THE SELLER
A. to order
B. Wang Li
C. number
D. seller
E. In addition
Dear _____ , 【D】
I’d like _____ 【A】an Ochi dress, the one on your top sale list. The article _____ 【C】I need is 115208. _____,【E】 I like the white color. It would be great if could offer some little bonus with the order.
Looking forward to receiving the product as soon as possible, I hope your early shipment.
Yours consumer,
_____【B】
单元自测8 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机，用查找功能（Ctrl+F）搜索题目
题目：______the weather improves, we will suffer a huge loss in the tourist industry.
Unless
题目：— ______ will it take me to walk there?
— About ten minutes.
How long
题目：— Forgotten something? I can keep an eye on your kids if you want to go and get it.
— _______ Thank you all the same.
Well, I can do without it.
题目：— Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest bus stop is?
— I"m sorry, I have no idea. I ______.
am a stranger here
题目：— Excuse me, officer. I can"t find the subway entrance. ______
— See those glass doors? Go in and you will see it on your right.
Can you help me?
题目：— Would you like a glass of wine?
— _____________ I don"t drink.
No, thanks.
题目：His parents are present there ______, but their minds are somewhere else.
physically
题目：It is easy to get the software we need ______ the market is small.
although
题目：She didn"t know______ to express her ideas in English clearly in public.
how
题目：The job is great in terms of salary. It has its disadvantages, ________.
though
题目：They also have a camera ______allows you to take and share photos and video.
which
题目：We must find a way to cut prices______ reducing our profits too much.
without
题目：We support the view that poor management will ______ business failure.
lead to
题目：You can go to Mobile Joker Store, ______ is the nearest mobile phone store from here.
which
题目：You will soon______ the world outside the smartphone is much more enjoyable
realize
二、阅读理解：阅读下面短文，选择合适的内容将短文补充完整。
Do you know how to use a mobile phone without being rude to the people around you?
Talking during a performance irritates (激怒) people. If you are expecting an emergency call, sit near the exit doors and set your phone to vibrate (振动),_____.
When eating at a restaurant with friends, _____. This conveys the message that your phone calls are more important than those around you.
Mobile phones have sensitive microphones that allow you to speak at the volume you would on a regular phone._____.If you are calling from a noisy area,_____.Many people believe that they can’t live without their mobile phone._____, but limit your conversations to urgent ones and save the personal calls until you are at home.
二、翻译：从以下A、B、C三个选项中选出与英文最适合的中文翻译。
1. The mobile phone store is about five hundred yards past the gym, on your left.【B】
A. 手机商店在健身房的左边，离你500步。
B. 手机商店大概离健身房500步,在你的左手边。
C. 手机商店往左拐，然后再走500步。
2. No wonder I got lost. I was heading in the wrong direction!【A】
A.怪不得我迷路了，原来是我走错方向了！
B.我走错方向了，钱包也丢了。
C.难怪我会丢钱包，原来是放错位置了。
3. It seems that there’s nothing impossible with the little mobile phone.【A】
A.看来这台小小的智能手机无所不能。
B.这智能手机太小，什么事都干不成。
C. 这智能手机不是任何事都能干。
4. The Smartphone is getting more attention in the house than the child.【A】
A. 在这个家里，智能手机正在比这孩子得到更多的关注。
B. 在这个家里，孩子更关注智能手机。
C. 孩子在家更关注智能手机。
5. We all need to come out of this head-down syndrome.【A】
A. 我们都需要摆脱这种低头综合征。
B. 我们都需要走出这种低头综合征。
C. 我们都需要改变摇头的习惯。
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Mobile phone has become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have banned(禁止) students from carrying mobile phones during school hours. Mobile phone use among children has become a problem for the school this year. Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts, teachers said mobile phone use is a distraction (娱乐) to students during school hours and it also gives teachers so much trouble in their classrooms. Teachers were also saying that sometimes students might use phone messages (消息) to cheat during exams.
She said some schools had tried to ban mobile phones. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn"t get in touch with (与…联系) their children.
Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at school office. They also said there were many reasons why the students should not have mobile phones at school: they were easy to lose and were a distraction from studies.
Many people say that they understand why parents would want their children to have phones, but they think schools should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones.
1. Some middle schools in Australia have banned students from carrying mobile phones 【C】.
A. because they are students
B. when they are free
C. when they are at school
2. We know from the passage that some children get mobile phones from【C】.
A. the makers and sellers
B. the passers-by and strangers
C. their parents and friends
3. What does the underlined word cheat mean in the passage? 【B】.
A. 聊天
B. 作弊
C. 查询
4. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn"t during school hours. 【B】
A. use their mobile phones
B. get in touch with their children
C. help the teachers with their work
5. The passage tells us that 【A】.
A. students shouldn"t have mobile phones at school except for some special reasons
B. it is impossible to ban students from using mobile phones at school
C. some parents felt unhappy because they couldn"t use their phones at school
二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容进行判断，正确为T，错误为F。
A 4 year Kid, who does not know what an Email or a Chat App is, prays to God: Hey, Lord, Please make me a smartphone. This young kid is asking such a wish from God, because he sees that his parents at home are completely glued to this magical device called smartphone and has no time to look up at him. The smartphone is getting more attention in the house than the child. His parents are present there physically, but their minds are somewhere else.
It’s so true that this device has become an inseparable part of our day to day life, and we are addicted to it. We will start feeling restless if we do not look to our phone after a few minutes. We react faster to a phone beep or a message compared to a call by a family member from a different room. We all need to come out of this head-down syndrome. We all need to connect and communicate in real world. We need to put this technology to good use and not become a slave.
So what shall we do? It’s simple: the solution is called digital break. This means, when you return home from work, you simply turn off or mute all your digital devices for a few hours every day, or at least once in a while. What do you do then? You can share your time with the family, chatting with your wife or husband, playing games with your kids, doing things with other family members, etc. in real life. You will soon realize the world outside the smartphone is much more enjoyable
1. The kid is 5 years old. 【F】
2. The kid asked God for a smartphone. 【F】
3. Smartphones have become an inseparable part of our daily life. 【T】
4. We all need to connect and communicate in virtual world. 【F】
5. The only solution to the head-down syndrome is called digital break. 【F】
二、阅读理解：阅读下面短文，选择合适的内容将短文补充完整。
FILL IN THE BLANKS OF THE FOLLOWING LETTER WITH GIVEN SENTENCES IN THE BOX.
_____,mobile phones are being more and more widely used. It"s small in size, _____, offering fast and convenient service for communication. It"s of multi-function. _____.
In recent years,_____Quite a few use them at school to keep in touch with their families and friends instead of writing letters, which, of course brings convenience to them. But I don"t think it"s good to do so.
_____, student users often waste a lot of time chatting over the phone in their spare time, some even use them to cheat in exams. In addition, mobile phone bill is also a heavy burden on students" families.
第3篇: 国开(中央电大)本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8)试题及答案
国开(电大) 本科《人文英语 4》 网上形考任务
(单元自测1-8）
题目为随机， 用查找功能（Ctrl＋F） 搜索题目
单元自测 1 试题及
[题目]– Do you think I can borrow your bike for a few hours？
– ________________________________
I" m sorry, but I really need it this afternoon.
I don" t think so.
I am afraid you can.
[答]I" m sorry, but I really need it this afternoon.
[题目]– Excuse me, could you tell the time？
– ________________________________
It" s three thirty by my watch.
You" d better buy a watch.
Can you see the clock？
[答]It" s three thirty by my watch.
[题目]– Good afternoon. Can I help you？
– ________________________________
Yes, I think so, too.
I need to buy a birthday present for my son.
I don" t think I need any of your help.
[答]I need to buy a birthday present for my son.
[题目]– Hello, may I speak to John？
– ________________________
You are wanted on the telephone.
Can I leave a message for him？
Just a second, please.
[答]Just a second, please.
[题目]– Thank you for your invitation.
– ________________________
It" s a pleasure.
I" ll appreciate it.
It doesn" t matter.
[答]It" s a pleasure.
[题目]As the bus came round the corner, it ran ________ a big tree by the roadside.
over
into
on
[答]into
[题目]Both the kids and their parents __________English, I think. I know it from their accent.
been
are
is
[答]are
[题目]Did you notice the guy _________head looked like a big potato？
whose
who
which
[答]whose
[题目]John" s father _________ mathematics in this school ever since he graduated from Harvard
University.
teaches
taught
has taught
[答]has taught
[题目]Never before _________ see such a terrible car accident on the road!
I have
have I
did I
[答]did I
[题目]On average, a successful lawyer has to talk to several ________ a day.
guests
customers
clients
[答]clients
[题目]Our house is about a mile from the railway station and there are not many houses __________
far apart
in between
among them
[答]in between
[题目]Professor Smith promised to look ________ my paper, that is, to read it carefully before
the defence.
on
over
after
[答]over
[题目]What is the train ___________ to Birmingham？
trip
fee
fare
[答]fare
[题目]When Lily came home at 5 pm yesterday, her mother ______dinner in the kitchen.
was cooking
cooked
cooks
[答]was cooking
排序题
A. DOES IT COST THE SAME FOR EVERY HOUSEHOLD？
B. YOU CAN PAY RIGHT HERE, ON THE INTERNET!
C. JUST GO AHEAD.
D. WE DO FOR THE LIVE CABLE TV PROGRAMS.
E. EXACTLY, EVEN DIGITAL BOXES.
Liu Hui：
Gordon, may I ask you a question？
Gordon：
Hi, Liu Hui. [答 C].
Liu Hui：
Do I need to pay for a TV license if I only watch TV online in the UK？
Gordon：
Yes, indeed. You need to be covered by a TV license if you watch or record programs
as they" re being shown on TV or live on an online TV service.
Liu Hui：
Including watching TV on computers and mobile phones？
Gordon：
[答 E]. It is the law.
Liu Hui：
I see. How much is the license fee？
Gordon：
It costs ？ 145. 50 for a color TV license and ？ 49. 00 for a black and white TV license.
Liu Hui：
That" s a lot of money for a year. [答 A]？
Gordon：
It costs the same for all applicants under 75. When you reach the age of 75, you may
apply for a free Over 75 TV License.
Liu Hui：
I see.
Gordon：
Do you need such a license in China？
Liu Hui：
[答 D].
Gordon：
Oh, it sounds similar. But for BBC, the license fee is the main source of income.
There is no advertising on the BBC channels.
Liu Hui：
By the way, where should I go to pay for my license？
Gordon：
[答 B].
Liu Hui：
Well, sure! Thank you!
选择题
Graffiti painting is traditionally a daredevil pursuit. Teenagers dodge security guards to
put their names on trains and buses. But over the past decade, graffiti has all but disappeared
from Britain" s cities. Between 2007 and 2012 the number of incidents of graffiti recorded by
the British Transport Police fell by 63%. A survey by the Environment Ministry shows that fewer
places are blighted by tags than ever. Graffiti are increasingly confined to sanctioned walls,
such as the Stockwell ball courts. In time the practice may die out entirely.
The most obvious reason for the decline in tagging and train-painting is better policing.
Numerous CCTV cameras mean it is harder to get away with painting illegally. And punishments
are more severe. A generational shift is apparent, too. Fewer teenagers are getting into
painting walls. They prefer to play with iPads and video games. Some have gone to art school
and want to make money from their paintings. The Internet means that painters can win far more
attention by posting pictures online than they can by breaking into a railway yard.
Taggers and graffiti artists mostly grew up in the 1980s and 1990s. Those men—and almost all
are men—are now older and less willing to take risks. Graffiti may eventually disappear. But
for now the hobby is almost respectable. The former graffiti artists paint abandoned warehouses
at the weekend. It has become something to do on a Sunday afternoon—a slightly healthier
alternative to sitting and watching football.
1. Teenagers are not afraid of being caught by security guards when they put their names on
trains and buses. [答 F]
2. Less tags can be found in public places nowadays. [答 T]
3. Because of better policing graffiti decreases. [答 T]
4. Some teenagers go to art school in order to learn to paint walls. [答 F]
5. Taggers and graffiti artists are still willing to take risks. [答 F]
选择题
Jim Thorpe was a Native American. He was born in 1888 in an Indian Territory(印第安人保护
区) that is now Oklahoma. Like most Native American children then, he liked to fish, hunt, swim,
and play games outdoors. He was healthy and strong, but he had very little formal education.
In 1950, Jim Thorpe was named the greatest American football player. He was also an Olympic
gold medal winner. But Thorpe had many tragedies in his life.
Jim had a twin brother who died when he was nine years old. By the time he was 16, his mother
and father were also dead, Jim then went to a special school in Pennsylvania for Native American
children. There, he learned to read and write and also began to play sports. Jim was poor,
so he left school for two years to earn some money. During this time, he played on a baseball
team. The team paid him only $15 a week. Soon he returned to school to complete his education.
Jim was a star athlete(运动员) in several sports, including baseball, running, and football.
He won many awards for his athletic ability, mainly for football. In many games, he scored
all or most of the points for his team.
In 1912, when Jim Thorpe was 24 years old, he became part of the U. S Olympic team. He competed
in two very difficult events：
the pentathlon and the decathlon. Both require great ability
and strength. The pentathlon has five track and field events, including the long jump and the
1500-meter race. The decathlon has ten track and field events, with running, jumping and
throwing contests.
People thought it was impossible for an athlete to compete in both the pentathlon and the
decathlon. So everyone was surprised when Thorpe won gold medals in both events. When the King
of Sweden presented Thorpe with his two gold medals, he said, Sir, you are the greatest athlete
in the world. Thorpe was a simple and honest man. He just answered, Thanks, King.
1. From the passage we learn that Jim Thorpe was born in[答 C].
A. India
B. Pennsylvania
C. Oklahoma
2. According to the passage, most American Indian children loved all the following EXCEPT[答 B].
A. fishing
B. singing
C. swimming
3. Jim Thorpe started to play sports[答 B].
A. before he was 9 years old
B. when he was 16 years old
C. when he was 24 years old
4. The word decathlon in paragraph 3 probably means[答 C].
A. jumping
B. five track and field events
C. ten track and field events
5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE？ [答 A]
A. In 1912, Thorpe went back to finish his college education.
B. Thorpe won two gold medals in the 1912 Olympic Games.
C. Thorpe once played on a baseball team for money.
单元自测 2 试题及答
题目为随机， 用查找功能（Ctrl＋F） 搜索题目
[题目]– How many languages does Peter speak？
– ________________________________
Five languages.
With his roommates.
Pretty well.
[答]Five languages.
[题目]– Something went wrong with my television last night.
– ________________________________
It" s impossible.
How did you manage to do that？
I" m sorry to hear that.
[答]I" m sorry to hear that.
[题目]– Would you like something to drink？ What about a cup of tea？
– ________________________________
Yes, I want.
No, thanks.
No, I wouldn" t.
[答]No, thanks.
[题目]– You are late. The discussion started 30 minutes ago.
– ________________________________
Well, I don" t know.
I am really sorry.
Don" t blame me.
[答]I am really sorry.
[题目]– Your ID card, please.
– ________________________________
Here you are.
Give you.
Here are they.
[答]Here you are.
[题目]_________ the War of Independence, the United States was an English colony.
Before
In
At
[答]Before
[题目]Eggs, though rich in nourishments, have ________ of fat.
the large number
large number
a large number
[答]a large number
[题目]Every year thousands of lives ________ in road accidents because of careless driving.
lost
have lost
are lose
[答]are lose
[题目]Had you come five minutes earlier, you _________ the train to Birmingham. But now you
missed it.
would have caught
could catch
would catch
[答]would have caught
[题目]If she wants to stay thin, she must make a __________ in her diet.
turn
change
run
[答]change
[题目]No matter _________, the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them
back home safely.
it was snowing
hard it was snowing
how hard it was snowing
[答]how hard it was snowing
[题目]The student were all entertained in a Mexican restaurant, at Professor Brian" s ________
money
expense
pay
[答]expense
[题目]The young lady coming over to us _______ our English teacher；
the way she walks tells
us that!
would be
can be
must be
[答]must be
[题目]Tom, what did you do with my documents？ I have never seen such a ________ and disorder!
mass
mess
guess
[答]mess
[题目]You shouldn" t ________ your time like that, Bob；
you have to finish your school work
tonight.
do
cut
kill
[答]kill
排序题
A. I COULDN" T AGREE MORE.
B. WHAT ELSE？
C. ONCE WE SEPARATE AND RECYCLE THEM.
D. BUT I HAVE A CONCERN.
E. THAT IS REALLY A GREAT ADVICE.
Peter：
Molly, look at this. The newspaper says we should sort trash.
Molly：
That would be great! I always hate it when people mixing all the trash together.
Peter：
[答 E] Many communities have already done that.
Molly：
Yeah. The benefits of sorting out trash are obvious.
Peter：
For instance？
Molly：
If trash is sorted, it can be transferred to factories instead of the disposal plant.
Peter：
That makes sense. [答 B]
Molly：
With trash separated, pollution caused by incineration can be avoided.
Peter：
It is high time for us to sort out the trash. Trash is trash only when everything is
mixed together. [答 C]they can be useful again.
Molly：
[答 A] Things like paper, glass, and plastics can all be recycled. They can be reused.
Peter：
Sorting is good. [答 D]If people have no idea how to sort their trash, they will still
put all waste in the same bag.
Molly：
You are right. People should be informed about how to do that in the first place. Moreover,
sorting trash should be made easy for us. Otherwise, few people would bother to do it.
Peter：
I hope everything goes smoothly!
Molly：
I believe it will.
选择题
Since its founding in 1948, McDonald" s has grown from a family burger（汉堡包）stand to a global
fast-food chain, with more than 30, 000 locations in 118 countries.
With 58 million daily customers worldwide, McDonald" s is now so ubiquitous around the globe
that The Economist publishes a global ranking of currencies" purchasing power based on the
prices charged at the local McDonald" s, called the Big Mac Index（巨无霸指数） . That" s not to
say that every nation carries the same menu items：
choices vary widely depending on location.
Some Asian locations serve fried shrimp in a Big Mac roll, while McDonald" s in India doesn" t
serve beef at all, relying instead on burgers made from vegetables, rice and beans.
Not everyone in the world has been happy to greet Ronald McDonald when he moves to town. Many
see McDonald" s as a symbol of American economic and cultural chauvinism（沙文主义）, and European
nations in particular have viewed American-style fast food as an insult to their national food.
A French farmer, Jose Bove, became something of a national hero in 1999 after he and a group
of people destroyed a McDonald" s under construction to protest globalization and bad food.
The next year, a bomb exploded in a French McDonald" s, killing a 27-year-old employee. No one
claimed responsibility.
But regardless of whether you like their food or their policies, McDonald" s is still widely
seen as one of the true pioneers of peaceful globalization.
1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE？ [答 B]
A. McDonald" s was founded in 1948.
B. McDonald" s has opened its restaurants in every city of the world.
C. McDonald" s has over 30, 000 locations in the world now.
2. The word ubiquitous in Paragraph 2 is most likely to mean[答 C].
A. very crowded
B. very clean
C. existing everywhere
3. From Paragraph 2, we can conclude that[答 A].
A. McDonald" s designs its menu to suit the local people
B. millions of young adults got their first job with McDonald" s
C. the McDonald" s menu sticks to old-fashioned favorites such as the Big Mac
4. What did Jose Bove and his people do in 1999 to protest against McDonald" s？ [答 A]
A. They destroyed a McDonald" s under construction.
B. They protested outside a McDonald" s.
C. They refused to go to a newly-built McDonald" s.
5. In[答 C], an employee died in a fatal bomb attack on a McDonald" s restaurant in France.
A. 1998
B. 1999
C. 2000
正误判断题
I" ve been living in the country for more than 10 years. It means quietness, privacy, harmony
and peace for me.
Living in the country requires an active lifestyle. It involves activities like doing daily
chores, preparing firewood for winter heating, feeding animals including pets and livestock,
tending the garden, or securing fences, etc. For me, the most attractive activities are fishing,
hunting and hiking. I enjoy seeing what nature has to offer everyday through a simple walk
down the little trail, or a relaxing drive along the country road with patches of green grass
ornamented with wildlife sightings of birds, moose, bears, deer, etc.
Living the country life helps us appreciate some of the simpler things, things that make us
feel good about ourselves and the world. It may be just a get together on a Saturday at the
local farmers market, or a project or a problem that the community might pull together to help
solve. I have participated in a few community projects, like dealing with out-of-control grass
fires, a roof that collapsed from a large snow fall, or even helping a recent widow with fire
wood for the winter. Sometimes I am surprised by how much benefit we receive from helping others
and as for this community I can’ t say enough.
I really enjoy living the country life. I know it’ s not for everyone, but I know it" s for
me.
1. The author has lived in the countryside for more than a decade, and he/she loves living
there. [答 T]
2. Living in the country is not busy at all. [答 F]
3. The author takes a walk or drives along country roads almost every day. [答 T]
4. People living in the country usually go shopping every Saturday. [答 T]
5. According to the author, nobody dislikes countryside life. [答 F]
单元自测 3 试题及答
题目为随机， 用查找功能（Ctrl＋F） 搜索题目
[题目]- Good morning, sir. May I help you？
-__________.
No, I don" t need your help.
No, I don" t buy anything.
Yes, I need some salt.
[答]Yes, I need some salt.
[题目]I didn" t know my identity card was needed, sir.
– ________________________________
Sorry, but that" s no excuse.
I don" t believe you.
How dare you say that？
[答]Sorry, but that" s no excuse.
[题目]Although he did not know London well, he made his way _____ to the airport.
easy enough
enough
easily enough
[答]easily enough
[题目]-Can you go out with us for dinner this evening？
-__________.
Thanks a lot, but I" m busy tonight.
No, I really don" t like being with you.
No, I already have plans.
[答]Thanks a lot, but I" m busy tonight.
[题目]Do you know the man _______ under the apple tree？
lying
laying
lay
[答]
lying
[题目]-Excuse me, where is Dr Smith" s office？
-________.
You can" t ask me. I don" t know, either.
Please don" t say so.
Sorry, I don" t know. But you can ask the man over there.
[答]
Sorry, I don"t know. But you can ask the man over there.
[题目]Harry, who had failed in the final exam, had a great worry ________ his mind.
on
with
in
[答]
on
[题目]I don" t know the park, but it" s _________ to be quite beautiful.
told
said
spoken
[答]
said
[题目]Is the library ________ now？ No, it" s ______.
open；
closed
open；
close
opening；
closing
[答]
open；
closed
[题目]Mike is better than Peter ________ swimming.
for
on
at
[答]
at
[题目]Nancy is ________ girl.
an eighteen-years-old
a eighteen-years-old
an eighteen-year-old
[答]
an eighteen-year-old
[题目]The baby is hungry, but there" s ________ milk in the bottle.
few
little
a little
[答]
little
[题目]-These are certainly beautiful flowers. Thank you very much.
-_________.
Yes, I agree.
It" s my pleasure.
No, nothing.
[答]
It"s my pleasure.
[题目]They have learned about _____in recent years.
several hundreds English words
hundreds of English words
hundred of English words
[答]
hundreds of English words
[题目]Two thousand dollars ____ enough for the car.
were
is
are
[答]is
排序题
A. FOR MANY STUDENTS
B. A MAJOR BARRIER
C. EQUALITY IN ACCESS TO EDUCATION
D. DIFFERENT PEOPLE
E. NON-TRADITIONAL STUDENTS
The National Union of Students (NUS) welcomes the news that greater numbers of black and disabled
students are studying at UK universities, but there is still a lot of work to be done on widening
access, writes the union" s president, Gemma Tumelty.
A recent Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG) equalities review showed that
significant numbers of potential students felt their disability was[答 B]to accessing higher
education (HE) . This is simply unacceptable.
Equality and diversity is not entirely a numbers game and before too much praise is given we
need to hear more from [答 E], not just about their experience of accessing higher education
but also going through the system.
Equality in society is absolutely, and fundamentally, linked to[答 C].
[答 A], university is the place where they will be first exposed to different cultures and[答
案 D]. As well as fighting for better access, the NUS wants to see diversity properly valued
and promoted within the student experience. Many pay lip service to the value of diversity,
but is this recognized and promoted as a core asset to those who go through the HE system？
Equality in society can be promoted by equality and diversity at university. But the benefits
of university as a positive, diverse environment must be seen by students as adding value as
much as any other factors before the numbers game is really won by the champions of diversity.
选择题
It can be really frustrating (使人沮丧的) for an overweight person to go to a gym and work
out with a positive attitude. All one has to do is walk by almost any nice gym and notice all
the healthy, sweating, skinny members. Sometimes they stare at those of us who are, well, zaftig.
It is easy to see the judgment behind their eyes. Who wants to put up with that？
Many people are self-conscious of their bodies and feel isolated when joining workout classes
of while exercising, especially if they are larger than most of the others in the group. Now
the fitness industry is finally paying attention. Popular gyms are catering (迎合) to overweight
and weight conscious customers by dedicating areas where the skinny people are not allowed.
There are even gyms or programs that require members to be at least 50 pounds overweight to
participate.
Trainers recommend functional fitness as a practical goal, rather than six-pack abs(六块腹
肌) . They often use text messages to stay in touch with customers.
Often at these specialized gyms, the trainers are overweight themselves, or working on their
own weight goals, and this can help those people with anxiety caused by poor body image. The
equipment has been designed for use by larger people. Wider seats, more cushioning, no mirrors,
and tinted (有色的) windows for privacy, are all important changes.
Hopefully these types of gyms will successfully grow in numbers in the future. The idea is
a very simple and potentially popular one. If it helps those of us who are bigger exercise
more and improve our fitness level, it" s a step in the right direction.
1. The word zaftig in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to[答 A].
A. fat
B. healthy
C. friendly
2. We can infer from the first two paragraphs that[答 B].
A. most large gym chains really don" t want members to show up frequently
B. overweight people are often frustrated and pushed away by traditional gym industry
C. regular gyms don" t accept overweight people to participate in their programs
3. What is the training goal in the gyms catering to overweight members？ [答 A]
A. To achieve functional fitness.
B. To build six-pack abs.
C. To look like a fitness model.
4. As for the gyms catering to overweight members, which of the following statements is NOT
TRUE？ [答 C]
A. The machines are designed for larger people.
B. Tinted windows are used to ensure extra privacy.
C. There are large mirrors on the walls.
5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage？ [答 C]
A. Improving Women" s Self-confidence through Exercises.
B. The traditional Gym Industry Is Losing Its Customers.
C. Specialized Gyms Designed for Overweight People.
选择题
Liu Hui interviews Dr. Smith about the issue of educational inequality.
Liu Hui：
Thank you, Dr. Smith, for agreeing to be interviewed by our Campus News Weekly. First,
what do you mean by educational inequality？
Dr. Smith：
Educational inequality is the disparity that certain students experience in their
education as compared to other students. But the meaning of it varies in different social
contexts.
Liu Hui：
Why does it exist in modern society？
Dr. Smith：
Well, researchers link educational inequality to socioeconomic, racial and
geographic reasons.
Liu Hui：
So it is very likely that educational inequality exists in different forms in different
countries.
Dr. Smith：
Yeah, you are right. For example, in the United States, although skin color is
linked to other forms of inequality, it is evident in education.
Liu Hui：
Educational inequality exists in China, too. For example, the college entrance rate
is much higher in Beijing than in other provinces. How do you think can we someday eradicate
the inequality？
Dr. Smith：
It" s impossible to answer such a big question in few words. Educational inequality
has become one of the most important political and social issues in every nation nowadays.
There have been numerous attempts at reforms and. . . . .
1. Well, researchers link educational inequality to[答 C].
A. socioeconomic, racial and educational reasons
B. racial, economic and geographic reasons
C. racial, socioeconomic and geographic reasons
2. According to the passage, [答 C] .
A. in the United States, skin color is linked to other forms of inequality, but not in education
B. in the United States, skin color is only linked to the form of inequality in education
C. in the United States, skin color is linked to the inequality in education
3. Educational inequality exists in[答 C].
A. China only
B. many countries
C. all the countries
4. What does the word eradicate mean in the passage？ [答 A]
A. get rid of
B. cope with
C. carry out
5. What" s the attitude of Dr. Smith to the future of education equality？ [答 B]
A. reserved
B. positive
C. negative
单元自测 4 试题及答
题目为随机， 用查找功能（Ctrl＋F） 搜索题目
[题目]— Can you tell me where I can park the car？
— _________________.
Yes, please
It is made in America
Well, just over there
[答]
Well, just over there
[题目]— Could I talk to Prof. Lee？
— _________________.
Oh, it" s you
Yes, speaking
I" m waiting for you
[答]Yes, speaking
[题目]— I" ve got a bad cold today.
— _________________.
Thank you for telling me
Oh, dear! I hope you get better soon
It isn" t serious
[答]Oh, dear! I hope you get better soon
[题目]— Sam, this is my friend, Jane.
— _________________.
Glad to meet you, Sam
Glad to meet you, Jane
I" m Jack
[答]Glad to meet you, Jane
[题目]— What" s the matter with you？
— _________________.
Not too bad
I feel a bit sick
It matters with you
[答]I feel a bit sick
[题目]I was giving a talk to a large group of people， the same talk I ___to half a dozen other
groups before.
was giving
had given
am giving
[答]had given
[题目] Neither John ___________ his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morning
train.
or
nor
but
[答]nor
[题目]The atmosphere ___________ certain gases mixed together in definite proportions.
consists of
is made up
composes of
[答]consists of
[题目]The new order means _____ overtime.
works
working
to work
[答]working
[题目]With his work completed, the manager stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ____ he
was a man of action.
which
that
What
[答]that
[题目]It is said that _____ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time,
though others prefer basketball.
quite a lot
quite a little
quite a few
[答]quite a few
[题目]Jane" s dress is similar in design _____ her sister" s.
to
with
like
[答]to
[题目]She has two best friends. _____of them is in the country.
Both
All
Neither
[答]Neither
[题目]The sports meeting was put off till the next week _____ rain.
in spite of
because of
so
[答]because of
[题目]Today" s weather is _____worse than yesterday" s.
very much
very
much
[答]much
排序题
A. EVEN WITHOUT INTERNATIONAL LINKS
B. CHINESE STUDENTS AND ACADEMICS
C. THE CRISIS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
D. A STRONG RESEARCH SYSTEM
E. IN PART BECAUSE OF THIS
Education and academic quality can mean different things to different people, depending on
their perspective, role and context and, [答 E], quality is notoriously difficult to evaluate.
The question of how to do this has been pursued for many years.
Nevertheless, the goal of improving educational quality is agreed by all and stimulated further
by the recent worldwide economic downturn and the need to counteract the impact of[答 C]and
prepare for economic recovery.
As the World Bank and UNESCO said 10 years ago：
The quality of knowledge generated within
higher education institutions, and its availability to the wider economy, is becoming
increasingly critical to national competitiveness. They also rightly emphasized that[答
D]at the national level opens up the possibility that substantial additional public benefits
can be realized through international links.
This is precisely why[答B]should contribute to these global benefits, reforming and improving
evaluation systems for educational and academic quality. Original and good research, especially
in science, economics and social sciences, has a trickle-down effect on society. And it offers
additional benefits[答A], though international collaboration and exchange of the best
evaluation policy and practice can bring substantial advantages to all partners in relation
to lessons learned elsewhere.
选择题
Babies who are breast-fed may be more likely to be successful in life, a new study published
Tuesday suggests. The study followed more than 3, 000 babies into adulthood in Brazil. The
researchers found those who were breast-fed scored slightly higher in intelligence tests in
their 30s, stayed in school longer and earned more money than those who were given formula
（配方奶粉） .
Breast-feeding not only has short-term benefits, but also breast-feeding has long-term benefits,
says Bernardo Lessa Horta of the Federal University of Pelotas in Brazil, who led the study
being published in The Lancet Global Health.
Doctors have long known that breast-feeding can be good for a baby" s health. This is especially
true in poor countries, where water can be contaminated. For instance, a baby given formula
in developing countries is 14 times more likely to die in the first six months than one who" s
breast-fed. In the U. S. , some research has suggested that breast-feeding may raise a baby"s
IQ（智商） by a few points. But a recent study with siblings（兄弟姐妹） found little advantage
to breast-feeding.
Horta says these previous studies didn" t follow children into adulthood to see if breast-feeding
had long-term effects. So Horta analyzed data collected from 3, 493 volunteers he and his
colleagues have been following since birth. They are now in their 30s. First, the researchers
gave the subjects IQ tests. Those who were breast-fed for 12 months or more had IQ test scores
that were 3.76 points higher than those who were breast-fed for less than one month, the team
found.
When Horta and his colleagues looked at how much education the subjects had gotten and how
much money they were making, they also found a clear difference：
Those who were breast-fed
the longest stayed in school for about an extra year and had monthly salaries that were about
a third higher.
1. From the passage, we learn that Horta[答 A].
A. is from Brazil
B. conducts his research in the U. S.
C. has 30 researchers on his team
2. Which of the following about those who were breast-fed is NOT mentioned？ [答 B]
A. They stayed longer in school
B. They were happier
C. They were smarter
3. Which of the following is TRUE？ [答 C]
A. Doctors don" t understand the benefits of breast-feeding.
B. Horta is concerned with water contamination in poor countries.
C. Horta" s research project lasted about 30 years
4. The word contaminated in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to[答 C].
A. finished
B. interested
C. polluted
5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage？ [答 C]
A. Researchers Have Pointed Out the Disadvantages of Breast-feeding
B. Researchers Have Found Out the Shortcomings of Formula
C. Breast-feeding Improves Chances of Success
正误判断题
Liu Hui and Molly are discussing the issue of educational quality at a workshop.
Liu Hui：
Hi, Molly. Today" s topic is educational quality. First, what does educational quality
mean to you？
Molly：
As far as I" m concerned, quality education means good learning standards in educational
institutions. So, educational quality ensures a desirable outcome for learners.
Liu Hui：
Sounds like after some serious thinking. However, many definitions of quality in
education exist, testifying to the complexity and multifaceted nature of the concept.
Molly：
Definitely, establishing a contextualized understanding of quality means including
relevant stakeholders. Key stakeholders often hold different views and meanings of educational
quality.
Liu Hui：
There are many prestigious universities in the US. They all provide high-quality
education. But some universities aren" t known for their quality. It"s hard to imagine the gap.
Molly：
Yes, in the US the quality in higher education is quite mixed. Universities like Harvard,
Yale, MIT, etc. , you know, are well-known all over the world. However, there are some
institutions providing poor education, so called diploma mills.
Liu Hui：
In China, we have similar issues in educational quality. Some universities pay more
attention to profits instead of quality.
Molly：
How to improve educational quality is an international issue. But, solutions are
grounded in values, cultures and traditions and may be specific to a given nation as well.
1. Molly thinks that educational quality ensures a satisfactory outcome for learners. [答
案 T]
2. Liu Hui disagrees with Molly on the meaning of education quality. [答 F]
3. All universities in the U. S. offer high-quality education. [答 F]
4. Diploma mills cannot provide high-quality education. [答 T]
5. In China, there isn" t any diploma mill. [答 F]
单元自测 5 试题及答
题目为随机， 用查找功能（Ctrl＋F） 搜索题目
[题目]— Can you help me clear up the mess？
— _________________.
Yes, that" ll be all right
Tell me who made it
No problem
[答]No problem
[题目]— Have a nice holiday, Ted.
— _________________.
Thank you, and you too
Yes, you" re right
That" s all right
[答]Thank you, and you too
[题目]— How was the journey to London？
— _________________.
It went very well
It was a nine-hour
I flew there
[答]It went very well
[题目]— What" s the best way to get to the Empire Hotel from here？
— _________________.
It" s a twenty-minute walk
Walking through the wood
It" s five blocks away
[答]Walking through the wood
[题目]— You needn" t do the work till after the New Year.
— _________________.
No, you needn" t
Happy New Year to you
Oh, good! Thank you.
[答]Oh, good! Thank you.
[题目]He is fond of playing ____ piano while his brother is interested in listening to ___
music.
/; /
the；
/
/；
the
[答]the；
/
[题目]Important ________ his discovery might be, it was regarded as a matter of no account
in his time.
when
until
as
[答]as
[题目]_______ her and then try to copy what she does.
Mind
See
Watch
[答]Watch
[题目]_______ tomorrow" s lessons, Frank has no time to go out with his friends.
Not to prepare
Not having prepared
Not preparing
[答]Not having prepared
[题目]__________ these honours he received a sum of money.
Besides
Expect
But
[答]Besides
[题目]A police officer claimed that the young man had attempted to __________ paying his fare.
reject
refuse
avoid
[答]avoid
[题目]I want to buy a ______ wallet for him.
small leather black
black leather small
small black leather
[答]small black leather
[题目]The young ______ interested in pop music.
is
are
have
[答]are
[题目]This kind of material expands _________ the temperature increasing.
to
with
for
[答]with
[题目]Will you _____ me a favor, please？
make
do
bring
[答]do
填写主题句
I. READ THE PASSAGE AND CHOOSE THE RIGHT SUB-TITLE (A-D) FOR EACH PARAGRAPH.
A. THE INEXACTITUDE OF LANGUAGE
B. PREVENTING MISUNDERSTANDINGS
C. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
D. FOSTERING RESPECT
E. AVOIDING CONFLICTS
Para 1[答 C]
Intercultural communication refers to messages transmitted between members of two or more
different societies. Effective intercultural communication helps firms avoid conflict, prevent
misunderstandings, and foster respect.
Para 2[答 E]
The workplace is growing more diverse every day. Managers cannot assume that what they find
inoffensive will also be inoffensive to their subordinates. A lack of sensitivity can lead
to claims of discrimination or harassment, which costs firms big money. Intercultural
communication involves exercising sensitivity and tact to avoid such conflicts.
Para 3[答 A]
We human beings have developed language to communicate ideas to one another. Still, our language
represents an imperfect form of communication. Sometimes, words cannot accurately convey an
idea, because the information might be highly complex. Also, a concept that exists in one culture
or language might not be part of another. Effective intercultural communication tries to bridge
language gaps as effectively as possible so that everyone at the workplace finds themselves
on the same page.
Para 4[答 B]
Given the inexactitude of language, misunderstandings can frequently arise between people from
different cultures when they exchange information. Idioms often become lost in translation.
For example, the English expression to shoulder responsibility translates into Swedish as be
a man for your hat. Intercultural communication does not rely on expressions native to a
particular language that could lead to confusion；
rather, it relies on clear messages that
all parties understand.
Para 5[答 D]
Communication happens differently in various cultures. What one society finds acceptable may
be anathema to another. When coworkers from different cultures do not take these differences
into account, not only does communication suffer but conflicts come to the fore. Effective
intercultural communication does not try to ignore societal differences；
rather, it respects
the variations among the human race and enables people to transmit information clearly.
选择题
Maggie Walker was born in 1867 in Richmond, Virginia. Her mother was once a slave in a rich
woman" s house. When Maggie was very young, a thief killed her father. Her family was impoverished,
so Maggie"s mother started doing laundry in her home. Maggie had to help her. She washed clothes
every day, but she continued to go to school. She was a very good student, especially in math.
After Maggie graduated from high school, she got a job as a teacher. In 1886, she married
Armistead Walker. They had two sons and Maggie stayed home to care for them. She also volunteered
to help a social organization called the Order of St. Luke. This organization helped African
Americans take care of the sick and bury the dead. Maggie Walker loved the work of the
organization. The organization believed that African Americans should take care of each other.
Over the years, Maggie Walker had more and more responsibilities with the organization. In
1895, she suggested that St. Luke begin a program for young people. This program became very
popular with schoolchildren. In 1899, Walk became Grand Secretary Treasurer of the St. Luke
organization. However, because she was a woman, she received less than half the salary of the
man who had the job before her.
The Order of St. Luke had a lot of financial difficulties when Walker took over. It had a lot
of unpaid bills and only $31. 61 in the bank. But soon Maggie Walker changed all of that. Her
idea was to get new members to join the Organization. In just a few years, it grew from 3,400
members to 50, 000 members. The organization bought a $100, 000 office building and increased
its staff to 55. Now Walker was ready for her next big step.
1. Maggie" s father died[答 C].
A. when she finished high school
B. before she was born
C. when she was very young
2. Which of the following is NOT TRUE？ [答 B]
A. Maggie had two children.
B. Maggie was once a slave.
C. Maggie was good at math.
3. Which of the following is TRUE？ [答 A]
A. Maggie loved to help other African Americans.
B. Maggie was very popular with school teachers.
C. Maggie was the founder of the Order of St. Luke.
4. The word impoverished in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to[答 C].
A. difficult
B. rich
C. poor
5. After Paragraph 4, the author will probably talk about Maggie" s[答 B].
A. education
B. next project
C. pay
正误判断题
All communication begins with the sender and ends with the receiver. The sender is responsible
for successful conveyance. The sender" s personality, beliefs, cultural and educational
background all influence the message and it is important for the sender to be aware of this
as he or she is encoding the message. Simply put, encoding is translating information into
symbols that represent the ideas or concepts of the message that needs sending. These symbols
are usually words in written or spoken form. To ensure successful communication, the sender
should know as much about his or her audience – the receiver – as possible in order to focus
and support the encoding process.
In addition to this awareness of self and encoding, the sender must choose the proper channel
for conveying the message. Using the wrong channel may result in miscommunication. Like the
sender, receivers are influenced by internal factors：
their personality, their receptivity
to the message or their relationship to the sender. Additionally, their current feelings, mood,
or state of mind can affect a message. Once the message moves through the channel, the receiver
then decodes it. The receiver uses his or her own experience and the context of the message
to interpret its meaning.
Feedback is the return message from the receiver to the sender. It is feedback that enables
the sender to know whether the message was received successfully or not. Therefore it is
essential to the communication process.
This process, though very common, is fraught with potential breakdown at every turn. Spoken
or written language is inherently easy to misinterpret. In conclusion, effective and successful
Communication takes place when the message is successfully received and the receiver provides
the sender with desirable feedback.
1. The sender" s gender also influences the message. [答 F]
2. Encoding is a process that translating information into symbols which serve as the ideas
or concepts of the message that will be sent later. [答 T]
3. These symbols are usually words and sentences in written form. [答 F]
4. Channel is not crucial for conveying the message. [答 F]
5. Feedbacks enable the sender to know whether the receiver has received the message
successfully or not. [答 T]
单元自测 6 试题及答
题目为随机， 用查找功能（Ctrl＋F） 搜索题目
[题目]— Are you on holiday here？
— _________________.
No, we aren" t. We live here
We live here, too
We are on holiday here, too
[答]No, we aren" t. We live here
[题目]— Do you mind if I read the newspaper on the table？
— _________________.
Yes, sure
Go ahead, please
Good news for you
[答]Go ahead, please
[题目]— Is it going to be warm next week？
— _________________.
Yes, it is
I don" t believe it
No, it hasn" t
[答]Yes, it is
[题目]— What do you usually do in your spare time？
— _________________.
Yes, it’ s my favorite time
No, I" ll never do that
Reading
[答]Reading
[题目]— What" s the fare to the museum？
— _________________.
Five miles
Five o" clock
Five dollars
[答]Five dollars
[题目]Would you like something ______________？
drinking
to drink
drink
[答]to drink
[题目]_______________ is the population of Paris？
What
How many
How much
[答]What
[题目]As the busiest woman there, she made ______________ her duty to look after all the other
people" s affairs in that town.
this
it
that
[答]it
[题目]Before the final examination, some students have shown ______ of tension. They even have
trouble in sleeping.
signs
anxiety
marks
[答]signs
[题目]It was getting __________, he had to stop to have a rest.
very darker
darker and darker
dark and dark
[答]darker and darker
[题目]It" s a good idea. But who" s is going to _______ the plan？
get through
carry out
take in
[答]carry out
[题目]It" s bad _____ for you to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed.
action
manner
behavior
[答]behavior
[题目]The problem is not _____ so easy as you think. It" s far from being settled.
nearly
hardly
almost
[答]nearly
[题目]The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.
to cover
covered
covering
[答]covering
[题目]The young actor who had been thought highly of _______ to be a great disappointment.
turned up
turned out
turned down
[答]turned out
选择题
Charity is a concept which dates back to Biblical times, when helping the poor was something
that rich people basically did to make themselves feel good. Social work has its roots in charity,
as it originally began around the time of the industrial revolution when there were many poor
people and society was seeking a way of dealing with the poor and social problems. Although
social work began as charity work, it has expanded a lot and needs to be seen from a completely
different perspective.
Modern-day social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems, but also with
the problems arising from various types of social fear (social phobias) and discrimination
such as sexism, racism, and discrimination against an individual due to his age, or mental
or physical disabilities. Social workers deal with the consequences of these discriminations
as well as consequences that arise from sexual abuse, drug abuse, and various other problems.
Social work provides an important service to society. Individuals and families in need of help
are the focus of it, and are re ferred to as clients. Social workers help clients live a
productive life in their own community. In order to reach this goal, they often enlist the
assistance of family members, relatives, local religious leaders, and other influential members
of the community. Although institutionalization may be necessary at times, it is a temporary
solution. Social workers usually serve in the front line, and reach out to the clients soon
after problems occur. The goal is to help clients return to normal life in a natural setting.
1. The charity originally means to[答 A].
A. help the poor that makes the rich feel good.
B. help clients return to normal life.
C. serve the whole society.
2. When does social work begin？ [答 A]
A. around the time of the industrial revolution
B. Biblical times
C. modern time
3. Modern-day social work deals with the following problems except[答 C]？
A. poverty
B. racism
C. education
4. In order to help clients live a productive life, social workers can turn to the assistance
of[答 B] .
A. government
B. family members
C. businessmen
5. Which statement about social work is NOT True？ [答 C]
A. Social work roots from charity.
B. Social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems, but also with various
social fear and discrimination.
C. Social work is that the rich people want to help the poor people.
选择题
When Bill de Blasio ran for New York City mayor last year, he promised to end a controversial
（有争议的） , citywide cell-phone ban（禁令） in public schools, which is not equally enforced
in all schools. Now, under his leadership, the city is preparing to end the ban. It will be
replaced by a policy that allows phones inside schools but tells students to keep them packed
away during class.
Many schools have a rule about enforcing the ban that says, If we don" t see it, we don"t know
about it. That means teachers are OK with students bringing in cell phones, as long as they
stay out of sight and inside bags and pockets.
But at the 88 city schools with metal detectors, die ban has been strictly enforced. The
detectors were installed to keep weapon out of schools， but the scanners（扫描器） can also
detect cell phones. So students at these schools must leave their phones at home or pay someone
to store it for them.
The ban was put into place in 2007 under mayor Michael Bloomberg. Ending the ban will also
likely end an industry that has sprung up near dozens of the schools that enforce the ban.
Workers in vans（厢式货车） that resemble food tracks store teens" cell phones and Other devices
for a dollar a day,
Critics of the ban say cell phones are important safety devices for kids during an emergency.
They also say that enforcement of the ban is uneven and discriminatory. Where the ban is enforced,
it puts a disadvantage on students who can" t afford to pay to store their phones.
Before putting an official end to the cell-phone ban, city education officials are working
on creating a new policy. It will include rules about not using the phones during class or
to cheat on tests.
1. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage？ [答 C]
A. New York City will give financial aid to poor students.
B. New York City plans to restrict cell phone use in libraries.
C. New York City will soon end a ban on cell phones in schools.
2. Students pay[答 A] a day to leave their cell phones in a van parked near their school.
A. a dollar
B. two dollars
C. five dollars
3. Metal detectors were installed in 88 city schools, mainly to keep[答 B] out of schools.
A. cell phones
B. weapons
C. drugs
4. The word discriminatory in Paragraph 5 probably means[答 C].
A. necessary
B. tough
C. unfair
5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE？ [答 C]
A. After the cell-phone ban is ended, students can use their phones during class.
B. The cell-phone ban is equally enforced in all public schools.
C. A phone-storage industry has appeared outside the 88 metal-detector campuses.
正误判断
James Bush
35 West 9 Avenue
Pensacola, FL23506
P：
(03) 86661234
M：
0651 222555
E：
james. bush@hotmaill. com. us.
[Date]
Nick C. Brown
Hiring Manger
Saint Louis Mental Health Service
16 Mary Street
River Dale, IL 566077
Dear Mr. Brown,
I wish to apply for the position of Social Worker as advertised on seek. com. au. Please find
my resume attached.
For almost two years I have worked as Mental Health Case Manager for Truecare and their Housing
and Accommodation Support Initiative. During the time I have proven my ability to work with
an interdisciplinary team, and also developed interpersonal skills and strong professional
relationships with clients, including individuals, families and community groups. In my work
I have acquired a thorough understanding of the Mental Health Act of 2014 in relation to social
work.
My duties have included providing psychosocial support to clients, in the form of one-on-one
counselling as well as group therapy；
developing and overseeing treatment plans for clients；
advising family caregivers；
and consulting with doctors, therapists and medical professionals.
I was awarded with the New Employee Achievement Award for my work on a difficult case in 2015.
My strong verbal and written communication skills have been well utilized in this role and
I have also demonstrated solid organizational skills in my case management.
I have a strong desire to make a positive difference in people" s lives and I believe I would
be an asset to St Paul" s Hospital if given the opportunity.
If you require more information please contact me at the phone numbers above. I am available
for interviews and hope to hear from you soon.
Yours sincerely
James Bush
1. James has almost two-year experiences of social work. [答 T]
2. James provides psychosocial support to clients, in the form of group therapy. [答 F]
3. James does not give advice to family caregivers. [答 F]
4. James" s strong verbal and written communication skills have been well used in this position.
[答 T]
5. James believes he would be a valuable staff to St Paul" s Hospital if given the opportunity.
[答 T]
单元自测 7 试题及答
题目为随机， 用查找功能（Ctrl＋F） 搜索题目
[题目]— Here you are, Sir.
— _________________.
Yes, I" m here
Yes, here we are
Thank you very much
[答]Thank you very much
[题目]— May I speak to Prof . Li please？
— _________________.
There" s no Prof. Li
I" m afraid you" ve got the wrong number
No, you can" t
[答]I" m afraid you" ve got the wrong number
[题目]— So sorry to trouble you.
— _________________.
It" s your fault
It" s a pleasure
I don" t think so
[答]It" s a pleasure
[题目]— What does your English teacher look like？
— _________________.
She looks sad
She looks much like her mother
She likes singing
[答]She looks much like her mother
[题目]— Would you like a tea？
— _________________.
Yes, I prefer coffee
Yes, please
I like green tea
[答]Yes, please
[题目]--Did the medicine make you feel better？
--No. The more __________, ___________ I feel.
medicine I take；
the worse
medicine I take；
and the worse
I take medicine；
the worse
[答]medicine I take；
the worse
[题目]Have you ever visited the Summer Palace, _____ there are many beautiful halls, ridges
and a huge lake？
which
that
where
[答]where
[题目]How can he _____________ if he is not _____________？
hear；
listening
be listening；
heard
listen；
hearing
[答]hear；
listening
[题目]It is not until you have lost your health _____________ you know its value.
when
until
that
[答]that
[题目]It" s high time that he settled down in the country and __________ a new life.
started
starting
start
[答]started
[题目]The computer system ___________suddenly while he was searching for information on the
Internet.
broke out
broke up
broke down
[答]broke down
[题目]The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that remote
village.
where
that
when
[答]when
[题目]The red flower goes from one to __________ in the class.
the other
others
another
[答]another
[题目]There" s lots of fruit _________ the tree. Our little cat is also in the tree.
on
in
at
[答]on
[题目]Two days is not enough for him to finish the work. He needs __________ day.
the other
a third
other
[答]a third
选择题
Imagine a school that expected its students to become literate(有读写能力的) without any formal
instruction. Most parents would be alarmed by such an approach, which would leave their children
confused and with gaps in their understanding. This however has been the philosophy on character
development in many of our schools. Why is the development of character seen as somehow different
from the other skills that we teach？
Of course there will always be learning by osmosis(耳濡目染) in any school, but as a teacher
and primary school head I have found that a child" s moral literacy is strengthened when they
acquire the building blocks of good character such as consideration, courage and honor：
qualities which are commonly known as virtue(美德) .
I personally find that exploring a virtue over a two-week period provides a simple and effective
program that allows for the creative input of both teacher and student and a chance for the
virtue to embed(使融入) itself. Once a lesson on a virtue such as honesty has been completed
we need to allow time for children to practice this concept just as would be the case with
fractions or verbs. Allowing children to role play a situation such as making up excuses to
cover a mistake can be enormously interesting, and the drama can be frozen allowing the
characters to be questioned about their feelings and motives. It" s also a safe way for children
to experience for themselves how a lie usually goes out of control.
Our role as educators is also to look for opportunities to help our students as they attempt
to strengthen their characters. When something goes wrong we guide the young person to the
virtue that will prevent it from happening again. For instance, when am student thoughtlessly
disturbs the calm atmosphere of the library, instead of a response such as, that was really
disrespectful and selfish of you! we draw out from them the required virtue：
When you" re walking
through the library, what virtues do you need to use？
1. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage？ [答 B]
A. Teaching morals and values has been a frequently discussed topic in the past few years.
B. The author and his staff embed virtues into lessons and school life to encourage character
development in children.
C. Kids throughout the population face the same needs, the same challenges, and the same
realities in their lives.
2. We can infer from the first paragraph that[答 C].
A. there tends to be disagreement about what character education is
B. most parents are not satisfied with the teaching methods adopted in schools
C. the approach to character education is generally considered different from the approaches
to other skills
3. The word philosophy in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to[答 C].
A. study
B. subject
C. viewpoint
4. The author is a[答 A].
A. teacher
B. librarian
C. reporter
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way to build character in
children？ [答 A]
A. Story readings and discussions.
B. Osmosis.
C. Taking every opportunity to teach character.
选择题
Respondent：
Binhai People" s Hospital
Address：
No 7, Binhai Road, Binhai City
The following answer is given to Zhang Hua" s claim for personal-injury compensation by the
Binhai People" s Hospital：
1. The respondent does not have a direct contractual relationship with Zhang Hua. Zhang Hua
had an oral contract to remove the high-voltage meter cabinet with Binhai No. 2 Construction
Installation Company on June 10, 2008. He was assigned by Binhai No. 2 Construction and
Installation Company and therefore has no direct contractual relationship with the respondent.
2. Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company should be responsible for compensating
Zhang Hua for the following reasons. Firstly, according to PRC laws and relevant judicial
interpretations, Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company shall be responsible for
any injury employees suffered in the contract performance. Secondly, Zhang Hua seriously
violated the operational procedure in removing the high-voltage meter cabinet and failed to
pay due attention thereto.
3. The respondent shall not be responsible for compensating the injuries of Zhang Hua. According
to the General Principles of the Civil Law, any person engaged in highly dangerous operations
shall be responsible for compensation. In this case, the respondent entered into a contract
with Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company, whereby the source of high danger
shifted to Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company. Binhai No. 2 Construction and
Installation Company became the subject of the dangerous operation, and therefore any damages
caused in the contract performance by Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company have
no connection with the respondent.
Therefore, Binhai People" s Hospital is not liable for compensating Zhang Hua. We hereby request
the court to reject the plaintiff" s action according to law.
To：
Binhai City Intermediate People" s Court
Respondent：
Binhai People" s Court
Date：
May 10th, 2011
1. According to the plaintiff, [答 A] should be responsible for compensating Zhang Hua.
A. Binhai People" s Hospital
B. Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company
C. Binhai City Intermediate People" s Court
2. Zhang Hua had an oral contract with[答 B].
A. 2 Construction and Installation Companies
B. Binhai No. 2 Construction and Installation Company
C. Binhai City Intermediate People" s Court
3. The respondent stated[答 C]reasons to reject Zhang Hua" s claim.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
4. Zhang Hua himself[答 A]bear some responsibilities.
A. should
B. shouldn" t
C. mustn" t
5. [答 C]was quoted by the respondent.
A. the PRC General Civil Law
B. the PRC Civil Procedural Law
C. General Principles of the Civil Law
正误判断题
To：
Guangzhou People" s Court
Plaintiff：
Handcup Marketing
Domicile：
No. 33, 4th Road, New York
Legal Representative：
Qingguo Su
Position：
Manager of Handcup Marketing
Defendant：
South China Corporation
Domicile：
No. 21 South Binjiang Road, Guangzhou
Legal Representative：
Bai Mei
Position：
Manager of the South China Corporation
CLAIMS：
1. To order the Defendant to pay to the Plaintiff 18, 000, 000 RMB, including 15, 000, 000 RMB
for the dispatched products and 3, 000, 000 RMB for the interest.
2. To order the Defendant to pay for the court fees.
FACTS AND REASONS：
The defendant is the plaintiff" s distributor in Southern China. From September 2010 to October
2011, the plaintiff issued all kinds of products worth 15, 000, 000 RMB to the defendant. （see
Exhibit I）
Each of the said transactions was signed and received by the defendant (see Exhibit II) . Although
the plaintiff had repeatedly requested, the defendant failed to pay the debt on time.
The indebtedness arising out of the transactions between the plaintiff and the defendant shall
be under the legal power of Chinese laws. The defendant refused to accept mediation. The
plaintiff is now facing huge economic losses (see Exhibit III) . Therefore, in accordance with
relevant Chinese laws and regulations, the defendant should bear corresponding civil
responsibility.
According to Articles 106 and 112 in the PRC General Civil Law, Article 108 in the PRC Civil
Procedural Law and other related laws and regulations, the plaintiff hereby files this case
with the court for your adjudication.
Plaintiff：
Handcup Marketing
Date：
May 14th, 2012
ATTACHMENTS：
1. One copy of the plaintiff" s business license；
2. One copy of the original Certificate of the Legal Representative；
3. One copy of the original Power of Attorney；
4. Exhibit I：
Invoices for each transaction；
5. Exhibit II：
Receipts for each transaction；
6. Exhibit III：
List of losses.
1. Handcup Marketing is suing South China Corporation of not paying for the transactions. [答
案 T]
2. Qingguo Su is a lawyer. [答 F]
3. The plaintiff has got well prepared before filing the lawsuit. [答 T]
4. The plaintiff didn" t know which laws and regulations should be applied in this case. [答
案 F]
5. The defendant owed the plaintiff RMB 15, 000, 000 for the dispatched products. [答 T]
单元自测 8 试题及答
题目为随机， 用查找功能（Ctrl＋F） 搜索题目
[题目]— Have you ever been to Tokyo？
— ___________.
Tokyo is a busy city
No, but I hope to go there next year
No, I didn" t go there last year
[答]No, but I hope to go there next year
[题目]— How are you feeling now？
— ____________.
Much better
Thank you
It" s OK
[答]Much better
[题目]— How long will you be away from Italy？
— __________.
Yes, it" s a long way to Italy
Yes, I" ll be in Italy
About a month
[答]About a month
[题目]— What time does the train leave？
— ___________.
On Tuesday
At half past five
In the morning
[答]At half past five
[题目]— What" s the weather like in this area？
— ____________.
Yes, it" s fine
It" s rainy
Very well
[答]It" s rainy
[题目]_____________ no need _____________ the radio as I" m used to studying with it on.
There" s；
turning off
It" s；
to turn down
It" s；
turning up
[答]There" s；
turning off
[题目]All students are required to translate this poem ________English into Chinese.
with
on
from
[答]from
[题目]By the year 2020, China" s population probably _____1. 4 billion.
will be reaching
will have reached
are reaching
[答]will have reached
[题目]He studied hard at school when he was young, ______contributed a lot to his success.
which
what
therefore
[答]which
[题目]He would be studying at the university now if he _____the entrance examination.
passed
have passed
had passed
[答]had passed
[题目]How much has the company _______ this year？
brought out
brought in
brought down
[答]brought in
[题目]In ________, the northerners have a particular liking for dumplings while the southerners
are fond of rice.
total
common
general
[答]general
[题目]It is no use ______ to remember only grammar rules.
trying
try
to try
[答]trying
[题目]The old houses are being pulled down to _______ a new office block.
take the place of
make room for
make use of
[答]make room for
[题目]This overcoat cost ______. What" s more, they are _____small for me.
very much；
very
too much；
much too
much too；
too much
[答]too much；
much too
选择题
Is that 6 a. m. wokeout getting in the way of good sleep？ Don" t think your fat cells won" t
notice. A new study published in The Annals of Internal Medicine (a medical journal) finds
that inadequate shut-eye has a harmful effect on fat cells, reducing their ability to respond
to insulin (胰岛素) by about 30 percent. Over the long-term, this decreased response could
set the stage for type-2 diabetes (a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar
in his or her blood) , fatty liver disease and weight gain.
The study adds to a growing body of evidence that there" an intimate relationship between the
amount of sleep we get and our ability to maintain a good, healthy body weight, says sleep
expert Helene Emsellem, director of the Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders in Chevy Chase,
Maryland. But Americans don" t seem to be getting the message that we need seven to nine hours
par night. More than 1 in 5 of us, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, is getting six or fewer hours of sleep per night, on average.
So how did researchers study fat cells in the Annals paper？ Matthew Brady of the University
of Chicago and a group of colleagues selected and persuaded seven volunteers to take part in
the research project. They were all young, thin and healthy and agreed to sleep for eight nights
in a sleep lab. For four nights they were allowed to stay in bed for 8. 5 hours a night, says
Brady. Then, a month later, they came back for four additional nights——but this time they
were allowed just 4. 5 hours of sleep per night. And after each visit, researchers got a sample
of their fat. Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep.
I was very surprised to be honest, he says.
Bad things can happen when fat cells become less responsive to insulin. Fat cells are actually
your friend, he says. They" re there to store lipids (血脂) . When lipids stay inside the cells,
your body can utilize the fat when you" re exercising or sleeping or going about your day. However,
when fat cells stare to become insulin resistant, the lipids star to leach out of the fat cells
and rise in the bloodstream, Brady says.
1. According to the passage, lack of sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of the
following EXCEPT[答 A].
A. heart disease
B. weight gain
C. diabetes
2. The main idea of the third paragraph is[答 C].
A. how to write a medical research paper
B. how to avoid sleep loss
C. how the research was conducted
3. What does the leach in the last paragraph probably mean？ [答 C]
A. Leap.
B. Lead.
C. Leak.
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage？ [答 B]
A. We will be in trouble if our fat cells become less responsive to insulin.
B. More and more studies are done to study the link between sleep and weight.
C. More than 20% of Americans are not getting enough sleep.
5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage？ [答 B]
A. Poor Sleep May Lead to Too Much Stored Fat and Disease
B. Sleep Experts Had Exciting Findings in a Fat Study
C. Americans Should Have More Than Six Hours of Sleep
选择题
ALTERNATIVE LEGAL BILLING – WIN STRATEGIES
Hourly billing is the best way to be charged for legal services. About 95 percent of lawyers
still perform their legal work on an hourly basis. If you want something better than the old
bill by the hour deal, try presenting one of these billing structures.
PROJECT BILLING FOR ROUTINE ISSUES
If your legal needs include large but repetitive tasks, consider a flat-fee approach. Once
you get a project billing estimate, don" t hesitate to shop around to compare prices and services
with other law firms. A firm may provide a better deal if it expects future work from your
company.
RESULTS-ORIENTED OPTIONS
Pay-according-to-success is one choice. It considers fees based on the outcome of the case
and the performance of your counsel. Contingency fees turn the matter into a shared risk or
shared encouragement, making the law firm your business partner, not just representation.
MULTI-LAYERED TASKS
If you" re shopping for a firm for actual legal work involving a number of legal specialties,
consider using blended hourly fees. The firm calculates in advance an average rate based on
the anticipated time each lawyer spends on the matter.
This arrangement helps the client to avoid paying a senior partner" s hourly rate for research
that should be conducted by a junior associate.
Legal Insurance
The contract fee allows the client to pick up the phone and talk to the lawyer without needing
to eye the clock. This approach works like a legal insurance policy. It encourages companies
to contact their counsel on non-litigation, non-crisis matters, and to save money in the long
run by engaging in more preventive legal action.
1. [答 B]is the best way to be charged for legal services.
A. Results-oriented billing
B. Hourly billing
C. Flat-fee billing
2. A flat-fee approach[答 A].
A. is suitable for repetitive tasks
B. is useless
C. is the best choice.
3. [答 C]make the law firm share your risk and encouragement.
A. Contract fees
B. Blended hourly fees
C. Contingency fees
4. Legal work involving a number of legal specialties should consider using[答 A].
A. blended hourly fees
B. insurance fees
C. hourly fees
5. You have to eye the clock when you talk to the lawyer when you choose[答 B].
A. legal Insurance
B. the old bill by the hour deal
C. a flat-fee approach
正误判断题
NEW YORK – The five men facing trial in the Sept. 11 attacks will plead not guilty. They would
state their criticisms of U. S. foreign policy, the lawyer for one of the defendants said Sunday.
Scott Fenstermaker, the lawyer for accused terrorist Ali Abd al-Aziz Ali, said the men would
not deny their role in the 2001 attacks but would explain what happened and why they did it.
Ali and four other men are accused of killing nearly 3, 000 people in the nation" s deadliest
terrorist attack. The U. S. Justice Department announced earlier this month that they will face
a civilian federal trial just blocks from the World Trade Center site.
Ali is also known as Ammar al-Baluchi. He is a nephew of claimed 9/11 planner, Khalid Sheikh
Mohammed.
Mohammed, Ali and the others will explain their assessment of American foreign policy,
Fenstermaker said.
Their assessment is negative, he said.
Fenstermaker met with Ali last week at the U. S. prison at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba. He has not
spoken with the others. But he said the men have discussed the trial among themselves.
Fenstermaker was first quoted in The New York Times in Sunday" s editions.
Critics of Attorney General Eric Holder decided to try the men in a New York City civilian
courthouse. It has warned that the trial would provide the defendants with a propaganda
platform.
Dean Boyd, a spokesman for the Department of Justice, said Sunday that while the men may attempt
to use the trial to express their views, we believe the courts and the federal judge may govern
the trial. The course of justice will be led appropriately and with minimal break, as federal
courts have done in the past.
1. The five men thought that the U. S. foreign policy should be blamed for the 911 attack. [答
案 T]
2. Scott Fenstermaker is the lawyer for Ali Abd al-Aziz Ali and four other men. [答 F]
3. Nearly 3, 000 people were killed in the 911 attack. [答 T]
4. The press didn" t care about this civilian federal trial. [答 F]
5. We can infer from the article that the prisoners also have their freedom to express their
own views in the U. S. A. [答 T]
第4篇: 国开(中央电大)本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8)试题及答案
国开(中央电大本科《组织行为学》网上形考(任务1至5试题及答案
一、论述题(共2道试题，共100分。1.王安电脑公司王安电脑公司曾是美国IT企业界的一棵闪亮的明星。美籍华裔科学家、企业家王安在美国波士顿创办了一家驰名世界的“王安电脑公司”，他从600美元投资开始，经过40多年的艰苦奋斗，已发展到拥有3万多名员工，30多亿美元资产，在大约60多个国家和地区设有250个分公司的世界性大企业。成功给他带来荣誉和地位，还给他带来了16亿美元的巨额资产。当我们顺着王安的足迹，浏览他的人生历程，寻找他的成功秘诀之时，不难发现，王安公司成功的决定因素就在于重视和拥有人才。王安目光远大，办事果断，懂得人才开发的重要，充分重视人的作用，以最大努力发挥公司里每一个人的积极性。
该公司人才济济，有善于经营的副经理拉克斯，有实业家、电子学专家朱传渠，有主管亚太地区销售工作的销售部经理庄家骏等等。正因为如此，仅1952年－1983年每年的营业额以40％－50％的速度增长，到了1982年经营额高达10亿美元之多。
对于人的使用，自始至终充满尊重、理解和信赖。王安认为，公司是人组成的，能不能把每个员工的积极性发挥出来，将关系到公司的成败。具体工作中，他根据员工的不同类型、特点、技术专长和生活需要，实行不同的管理方式。他把设计和研制产品的工程师和科学家看成公司的灵魂，给他们特殊的礼遇以示尊重，甚至在用词上都特别讲究，从不用“雇佣”之类的词，只用“聘用”，以完全平等的态度对待他们，尊重他们。而对一个有创造性的技术人才，即使他有令人难以容忍的错误和缺点，或是骄横自负，或是两个工程师相互对立，王安都能和他们搞好关系，从而使他们明白公司最高领导人最了解和懂得他们的贡献。公司经常会出现这种情况：某个工程师正在做公司下达的一项设计或研制任务，而
且做得很好，公司却因为某种原因突然决定停止这个项目的设计和研制。为了不使这个工程师感到失望，避免挫伤他的积极性，王安总是亲自和这个工程师谈心，给予鼓励和安慰，同时，还千方百计安排他去完成另一件特别重要的项目，从而维护了这个工程师的自尊。
理解是一种欲望，是人天生具有的一种欲望，人一旦得到了理解会感到莫大的欣慰，更会随之不惜付出各种代价。有一次，一个研究对数计算器的工程师告诉王安，公司的工作计划同他在几个月前达成的夏季度假租房协议发生冲突。王安听后当即表示，如果因为对数计算器问题打乱了他的个人计划，他可以用王安自己的别墅去度假。这件事使这个工程师倍受感动，为了研究课题项目，他不仅没有去别墅，反倒把自己整个的假期都搭上了。
信赖是王安对部下的信条，是王安公司得以生存的基础。随着公司的不断扩大发展，王安作为公司的总经理，把权力和责任越来越多地交给下面的经理人员，努力发挥他们的才干。平日里，王安从不插手一个具体项目的日常管理工作，只是在他认为非要他管不可的时候，他才露面，就是公司开会，他也很少主持。会上，除非某个重要的事情或方面仍没有被引起重视时，他才站起来说几句，一般都是听而不言。王安虽不轻易发表自己的意见，但公司内部每一个员工的意见他都爱听。王安公司有一条热线电话，不管是谁，凡是自认为有好主意的人，都可以通过热线和王安直接交谈。这就使每一个好的建议不会因为上司让它躺在文件筐里面被埋没。王安公司在发展过程中，有一套越级联系制度，使员工们能与他们相隔一级以上的其他负责人保持联系。
此外，王安公司很少解雇员工，只有在公司处于最严重的困境时，才会解雇少量的人员，而一旦形势好转，王安总是尽可能地把这些解雇人员再招回来。王安公司就是这样在发展着，并以此丰富自己的成功经验。
思考题：⑴根据西方人性假设理论，王安的人性观属于哪一种？答：从案例我们可以看出王安目光远大,办事果断,懂得人才开发的重要,充分重视人的作用。对于人的使用,自始至终充满尊重、理解和信赖。王安认为,公司是人组成的,能不能把每个员工的积极性发挥出来,将关系到公司的成败。平日里，王安从不
插手一个具体项目的日常管理工作,只是在他认为非要他管不可的时候,他才露面。而且公司内部每一个员工的意见他都爱听。公司很少解雇员工,他以最大努力发挥公司里每一个人的积极性。根据西方人性假设理论，王安的人性观属于“自我实现人性的假设”。此假设认为：(1工作可以成为满意的源泉；
(2人们在实现他们所承诺的目标任务时，会进行自我管理和自我控制；
有你更精彩!(3对目标、任务的承诺取决于实现这些目标、任务后能得到的报偿的大小；
(4在适当条件下，一般的人不但懂得接受，而且懂得去寻求负有职责的工作；
(5在解决组织问题时，大多数人具有运用相对而言的高度想象力、机智和创造性的能力。
⑵如果用M(积极性的高低=E(期望值？V(效价来表示王安激励员工的过程,那么请你指出这个模型中什么是目标、变量和关系？答：如果用M(积极性的高低＝E(期望值*V(效价来表示王安激励员工的过程，这个模型中的目标是：以最大努力发挥公司里每一个人的积极性。王安认为,公司是人组成的,能不能把每个员工的积极性发挥出来,将关系到公司的成败。
这个模型中的变量是：公司对人的尊重、理解和信赖程度。
这个模型中的王安必须处理好以下几个关系：与公司高层领导和下面经理人员的关系，要做到对他们的充分信任，王安认为信赖是对部下的信条,是公司得以生存的基础。他把权力和责任越来越多地交给下面的经理人员。努力发挥他们的才干。平日里，王安从不插手一个具体项目的日常管理工作,只是在他认为非要他管不可的时候,他才露面。
S与公司有创造性的技术人员的关系，王安在具体工作中,能够根据员工的不同类型、特点、技术专长和生活需要,实行不同的管理方式，给与充分的尊重和理解。他把设计和研制产品的工程师和科学家看成公司的灵魂，给他们特殊的礼遇以示尊重,甚至在用词上都特别讲究,从不用“雇佣”之类的词,只用“聘用“,以完全平等的态度对待他们,尊重他们。而对一个有创造性的技术人才,即使他有令人难以容忍的错误和缺点,或是骄横自负,或是两个工程师相互对立,王安都能和他们搞好关系，并努力维护他们的自尊心,从而使他们明白公司最高领导人最
了解和懂得他们的贡献。
与公司的员工的关系，对公司的员工给予充分的理解和关怀。认真听取公司每一个员工的意见，王安公司有一条热线电话,不管是谁,凡是自认为有好主意的人,都可以通过热线和王安直接交谈。公司在发展过程中，还有一套越级联系制度,使员工们能与他们相隔一级以上的其他负责人保持联系。另外，公司很少解雇员工,只有在公司处于最严重的困境时,才会解雇少量的人员，而一旦形势好转,王安总是尽可能地把这些解雇人员再招回来。
2.研究所里来了个老费鲍尔敦一个人在自己的办公室里坐着。下班了，屋里静悄悄的，人全走光了。老鲍把坐姿调整一下，使自己坐得更舒服点，眼睛得意地瞅着桌子上那套光子元件头一轮测试结果的记录。
他就是喜欢在人家全走光了以后独自留下来。他被任命为这新的课题组组长这件事至今对他还挺新鲜，仍能使他深深地体验到一种快感。他的目光在盯住眼前的图表，可是脑海里闪现的，却是他这研究所副所长，德高望重的老学者季澜德多次对他说到的一段话：“在咱们所，如今你满可以指望能有大展宏图的机会，你有多大本事就使出来吧。想干啥就能干到啥，没什么能限制你才能的发挥的。”想到这，老鲍就又一次感到既高兴又为难的复杂的兴奋心情。他自言自语地说：“好，这下子老子总算搞出些名堂来了，可不是开玩笑的。”他是五年前调到应用物理研究所来的。有一回，他在对几个报废的克兰逊元件作常规测试的过程中，忽然灵机触动，想到了光子耦合器的主意。季副所长知道后，很重视也很热心，很快拨出了人成立了一个新课题组，专门负责这项目的研究，想进一步开发这种装置；
他荣任这个课题组长，就是理所当然，众望所归的事了。对老鲍来说，这接着发生的一连串的事，都有点像奇迹那样。“看来，我老鲍是时来运转了。”他终于不再胡思乱想，静下心来，想埋头查阅手头的实验记录，好好地思索一番了。就在这时，他听见有谁进了屋来，而且站到他身后了。他带着期望扭头一看，满心以为准是季副所长。因为季老也常呆到很晚才走，有时会折进他的屋里来跟他聊上几句。每回遇上这种情况，总使老鲍觉得那天过得特别愉快。
可是这回却不是老季，而是一位陌生人。他三十刚出头吧，个子高高瘦瘦的，
脸庞黑中透红，似乎曾经风吹日晒像个农民，但却戴了一副知识分子常戴的那种秀郎框架的眼镜。他穿一件旧的部队的草绿上衣，脏脏的显得不太修边幅。最古怪而显眼的是他挎着一个土黄色布包，下边带有穗子的那种。后来老鲍爱人小杨曾说，这准是朝山拜佛的香客才挎的那种。总之，有点不伦不类。
这位陌生人微笑了一下，就自我介绍说，“我是费士廷。请问您是鲍尔敦同志吗？”老鲍说正是，于是相互握了握手。“季副所长说我可能在这间屋子里找到您。我刚跟他谈到您这个课题，我对您这里搞的这项研究很感兴趣。”老鲍于是向旁边一张椅子摆了摆手，示意请坐。
这会老费看来不像是来访者中任何一种典型类型的人：不像大学或兄弟研究所来的，也不像是仪器仪表公司来的，更不像上级部门来的。老鲍指指桌上那堆纸说：“喽，这是我们搞的试验的初步结果。我们是发现了一种新玩意的苗头，可还没弄懂是怎么回事。还没搞完，不过我可以把正在试验的那一节给你翻翻。”老费于是接过那堆材料，专心致意地看那些图表。过了一会，他抬起头来，嘴上挂着有点古怪的笑意，微微露着牙齿，说：“这看起来有点像是詹宁斯函数曲面的一段嘛，是不是？我一直在搞曲面自动相关函数之类的名堂，你想必准是懂得这些的喏。”老鲍有点发懵，他对老费说的那些东西其实根本一无所知；
可是他却未置可否地以含糊地一笑作答。但他随即感到有点不安，就说：“来，让我给你看看咱们正在搞的那个宝贝吧。”说着就领头向实验室走去。
老费终于走了。鲍尔敦把桌上的图表、材料往边上一推，心里感到一种莫名其妙的烦恼。然后，就像突然拿定了什么主意似的，他赶忙把房门锁上了，故意绕了一圈路，好打季副所长办公室门前走过。可是那办公室已经锁上了。老鲍有点怅然若失，心里在算计着季老会不会是跟那个姓费的家伙一块走的。
第二天上午，老鲍就上副所长办公室去找季老，想了解谈老费昨天作为不速之客来谈话的事，还想问问这老费究竟是何许人也。
寄副所长说：“来，先坐下。我正想找你谈谈费士廷的情况。你觉得他这个人怎么样？”老鲍如实谈了自己的印象说，他觉得老费好像很聪明，可能工作能力也挺强。季老听他这么说，看来也挺高兴。他说“我们正在调他来这里，基本
没啥问题了。他在好几个研究所干过，底子相当好。对于咱们正在搞的课题，他好像有些新点子。”老鲍听了点点头，但心里却在说，千万可别把他安排到我这个组里来呀。
季老接着说：“我们还没定下来他最后放在哪个组比较好，不过他好像对你们组搞的题目很感兴趣。我想可以让他先跟你们一块干上一阵子。要是他挺合适干这活，再正式算你们组里的人。怎么样？”老鲍心思重重地点了点头，说：“那好吧，他好象肚子里事先就藏了些点子了。我们希望他能呆下去；
有了他，我们挺高兴。”鲍尔敦朝实验室回头走时，心境复杂矛盾，可以说是酸甜苦辣，百味俱全。他对自己说：老费来，对我们组是有好处的；
他是个能干的人，准能帮我们组搞出些名堂来的。可是，他马上又想季老上回说到过的一段话；
他说：“谁在这个课题攻关里能搞出好成果，走到最前头，所里就提拔谁。”这话如今听起来，好像就有点像威胁了。
[思考题]1.请用个性理论分析老费、老鲍和季老的个性特征。
答：老费：从文中可看出属外倾型性格，他与人交往性情开朗而活跃，善于表露情感，表现自己的独立行为，工作勤奋；
他知识渊博，工作能力强，有责任心；
有个性，不愿受约束，也不修边幅，不拘小节，大大咧咧，无拘无束。
老鲍：从文中可看出术内倾型性格，他与人交往显得沉静，不善于表露情感，表现自己的行为，遇到问题好思考，做事总是三思而后行；
他工作责任心强，有事业心，也有一定的工作能力，希望有所成就，得到晋升、提拔，并把晋升看的非常重要。忧虑重重、患得患失、容易排斥别人、行为慎重。
季老：从文中可看出他是个不错的领导，有事业心，责任心强，工作勤奋，经常较晚回家，知人善任，创造条件调动下属的积极性，并为下属提供发展和晋升的机会，喜欢平等的上下级关系，易于沟通。开朗热情，能接受新鲜事物，能理解接纳各种类型的人，很喜欢结识人，合群。
2.季老对这样的部下应如何管理？答：(1从气质方面考虑：老费属于多血质(活泼型，注意气质的互补原则，发挥他们各自的长处。老鲍属于黏液质(安静型，使他们形成团结的组合，更好的提高科研效益，也使他们相处更加融洽，
将不同气质特征的人才与工作需要搭配在一起形成最佳组合。
(2从能力方面考虑，注意能力阈限原则，考虑他们个人性格的，给他们一个适合自己的岗位，各尽其能，各尽其才。让他们都能达到工作任务所要求的基本能力水平的要求，以便工作得心应手。(能力互补(3从性格方面考虑，注意性格顺应和互补原则，老鲍和老费在性格上不一样，在工作中要注意调解他们的人际关系，以缓解他们的紧张关系；
当在权利上发生矛盾与性格不合而又无法缓解矛盾(造成尖锐矛盾时，就应优先考虑将其两人分开，消除人际关系矛盾，以利于科研工作的顺利开展。
3.根据态度平衡理论，季老应怎样帮助鲍尔敦使他达到心理平衡？答：态度平衡理论认为：认知对象包括世界上各种人、事物、概念等等，有的各自分离，有的相互联结，组合成一个整体而被认知。个体对单之中两个对象的态度一般属于同一个方向的，当个体对单元的认知与对单之内两个对象的感情关系相调和时，其认知系统便呈现平衡，反之，当个体对单元的认知与对单之内两个对象的感情关系相矛盾时，其认知系统便呈现不平衡。这种不平衡状态会引起个体心里紧张、产生不满的情绪。人们总是试图消除这种不平衡状态，以恢复一定的平衡状态。
老鲍工作很有成就，很希望晋升。但老费来了使他失去心里平衡。老鲍对老费的到来，心里感到很矛盾，一方面他觉得老费的到来对课题组的研究工作有好处，一定能出成果；
另一方面又觉得老费的到来对他目前所处的领导位置，对他今后的提拔会有威胁。所以心里感到很紧张，肯定就会有不满情绪的产生，季老作为研究所副所长，作为德高望重的老学者，肯定要帮助老鲍〔抛开思想包袱，达到心里平衡。季老要做的工作可以从以下方面入手：(1正确看待老费的到来，调老费来所里，主要是从工作方面考虑的，要有全局意识，以工作为重。
(2正确看待老费本人，多看他的优点，工作勤奋，能力强，有责任心，性格开朗而活跃，是个好打交道的人，在一起共事一定会很快乐，鼓励老鲍多与老费沟通交流，合作出成绩。
(3正确看待晋升、提拔，所里领导要综合考虑，并非只看一两个项目的成败，只要自己努力一定能行，季老要肯定老鲍的工作能力、领导能力和人际关系，
对自己有正确的评价，要有信心，放下思想包袱，调整好心态。这样的话，老鲍的思想就会平静下来，心里自然也就会慢慢平衡。
(4季老作为领导，要更好地发挥下属的优势、长处，不能随意许诺、信口开河，要根据老鲍、老费的实际情况来对他们的工作做出适当的安排，做到爱才、惜才、用好才。
第2次任务试题及答案课堂讨论案例：北京雪莲羊绒有限公司小苗的成长要求：同学们先看录像教材中北京雪莲羊绒有限公司小苗的成长的案例，并在授课老师的指导下，以学习小组的形式(每组5—6人开展讨论，然后由小组长综合本组成员分析的情况代表大家在全班发言，接着由授课老师讲评本案例；
最后让每个参与讨论的学员在小组发言稿上签名后交给授课老师，记做形考成绩。
案例内容：请同学们在课堂上集中看录像教材问题：请用内容型或过程型激励理论来分析小苗的成长过程。
参考答案:本人分析的观点：答：(1北京雪莲羊绒有限公司的实例告诉我们，在激励人的过程中可以采用多种方法，实例中的小苗是一个高成就需要者，公司为他创造了高成就的机会，小苗为公司做出成就的同时，公司及时给予他必要的物质激励，就是说把内激励和外激励有机地来结合起来，这就是我们国内公司同上面“固定工资还是佣金制”那个案例里的中日合资公司，在激励问题上的不同做法。中日合资公司他只考虑了成就激励，而没有考虑在人们做出成就以后，能够及时地给予物质鼓励。当然，在对人的激励过程中可以采用多种方法，我们对于不同的情况要做具体分析。
(2本人分析的观点：从小苗刚刚毕业的大学生，在比较短的时间内，成为公司的主要技术骨干，并为公司做出了重大贡献。我觉得公司领导在小苗的成长过程中主要是很好地运用了内容激励理论中的需要层次理论，让小苗有成分展示自己能力的机会和平台，实现自己的抱负。
记录同学发言(网上讨论者此处粘贴小组讨论记录，30分同学发言(只要求记录主要观点：觉得公司领导主要满足了小苗自我实现的需要，让小苗的潜能得到了充分的发挥，满足了小苗的成就感。
同学(只要求记录主要观点：觉得公司领导充分注重了激励因素，通过奖励住房，让小苗产生了了一种强烈的知足感和归属感。
同学(只要求记录主要观点：觉得公司领导十分重视让小苗勇挑重担，让小苗的工作具有挑战性，让小苗在企业中有追求理想有奔头，能让他学有所用。
同学(只要求记录主要观点：觉得公司领导能够清楚地根据小苗本人的特点，充分地认识到像小苗这样的大学生已经超越了生理需要，他需要的是尊重，而公司领导正是从这一点出发，让小苗在现实中有实力、有成就、有信心。
组长归纳总结，并代表小组将结论在全班或网上发布：(网上讨论者要在此粘贴小组公布的结论，30分答：案例中小苗的成长过程充分说明，如何激发人的工作积极性是年轻人成长的关键，要弄清楚人在怎样的条件下，人会更加愿意工作，更卖力，更有效。人的能量需要激发，激发就需要动力，而内容激励理论研究的就是从人的需要和动机出发，来如何推动人们的行为。人的需要有生理、安全、友爱和归属、尊重、求知、求美、自我实现等需要，奖励、晋升、成长、责任感、成就感等等，而对于小苗来说，他更需要的是尊重、自我实现、成就感，而公司对他的奖励更是对他成长很好的促进。
第3次任务试题及答案一、论述题(共2道试题，共100分。1.爱通公司里的员工关系明娟不再和阿苏说话了。自从明娟第一天到爱通公司上班，她就注意到了阿苏，阿苏总是表现得冷漠疏远。开始，她认为阿苏是憎恨她的工商管理硕士学位，她在公司的快速提升，或者是她的雄心壮志。但是，明娟决心同办公室里的每一位同事都处好关系，因此她邀请他出去吃午饭，一有可能就表扬他的工作，甚至还同他的儿子保持联络。
但随着中西部地区营销主管的任命，所有这一切都结束了。明娟一直叮着这个职位，并认为自己有很大的可能得到这个职位。她同与她同一级别的另三位管理人员竞争这个职位。阿苏不在竞争者之列，因为他没有研究生文凭，但是阿苏的意见被认为在高层有很大的影响力。明娟的资历比其他的竞争者要浅，但是她的部门现在已成为公司的核心部门，而且高层管理多次对她进行褒奖。她相信，若阿苏好好推荐的话，她能得到这个职位。
但马德最后得到了提升去了陕西，明娟十分失望。她未能得到提升就够糟的了，使她无法忍受的是选中的竟然是马德。她和阿苏曾戏称马德为：“讨厌先生”，因为他们都受不了马德的狂妄自大。明娟觉得马德的中选对自己来说是一个侮辱，这使她对自己的整个职业生涯进行了反思。当传言证实了她的猜测—阿苏对决策的作出施加了重大影响—之后，她决定把她同阿苏的接触降低到最低限度。
办公室里的关系冷了下来，持续了一个多月，阿苏也很快就放弃了试图同明娟修复关系的行动，他们之间开始互不交流，仅用不署名的小便条进行交流。最后，他们的顶头上司威恩无法再忍受这种冷战气氛，把他们两人召集到一起开了一个会，“我们要呆在这，直到你们重新成为朋友为止。”威恩说道，“至少我要知道你们究竟有什么别扭。”明娟开始不承认，她否认她同阿苏之间的关系有任何变化。后来她看到威恩是严肃认真、誓不罢休的，只得说道：“阿苏似乎更喜欢和马德打交道。”阿苏惊讶地张大了嘴，吭哧了半天，却什么也说不出来。
威恩告诉明娟：“部分是由于阿苏的功劳，马德被安全的踢走了，而且以后你们谁也不用再想法对付他了。但如果你是对那个提升感到不满的话，你应该知道阿苏说了许多你的好话，并指出如果我们把你埋没到中西部去，这个部门会变得有多糟。加上分红的话，你的收入仍然与马德一样多。如果你在这儿的工作继续很出色的话，你就可以去负责一个比中西部地区好得多的地方。”明娟感到十分尴尬，她抬头向阿苏看去，阿苏耸了耸肩，说道：“你想不想来点咖啡”？在喝咖啡的时候，明娟向阿苏诉说了在过去这个月里她是怎么想的，并为自己的不公正态度向阿苏道歉。阿苏向明娟解释了她所认为的疏远冷漠实际上是某种敬畏：他看到她的优秀和效率，结果他非常小心翼翼，惟恐哪儿阻碍到她了。
第二天，办公室又恢复了正常。但是一项新的惯例建立起来了：明娟和阿苏在每天的十点钟一起去喝杯咖啡休息一下。他们的友好状态使在他们周围工作的同事们从高度紧张中松弛下来了。
思考题：1.明娟和阿苏之间产生矛盾的原因是什么？答：明娟与阿苏之间由职权之争引发冲突，又因信息沟通障碍产生矛盾。
2.威恩作为公司领导解决矛盾的方法是否可行？答：威恩解决矛盾的方法
是可行的。他采用了转移目标的策略，如给他们设置一个共同的冲突者马德，并促进明娟和阿苏之间沟通信息，协调认知。
3.本案例对如何处理人际关系有何启发？答：改善人际关系一定要体现平等的原则、互利原则和相容的原则。让明娟和阿苏和平共处、互相谅解，且告知他们未升迁的利益更大，并使他们相信威恩的话。这一过程启发我们应该依据人际交往的原则，运用科学的方法，帮助下属正确处理好人际关系方面的问题。
2.红旗轻工设计院红旗轻工设计院是一所历史较长的大型设计单位，拥有800多名工程技术人员。该院二室第五课题组共有11位成员。组长张驰是位经验丰富的高级工程师，他手下还有三名高工和七名较年轻的工程师和助理工程师。张驰知识渊博，为人正派，深受组员们爱戴，大家对他都很敬佩。这个组的工作一贯较好，团结也不错。
不久前，老张被市里调到一家正在建设中的大企业负责引进设备的技术工作组去了，五组组长一职暂告空缺，急待填补。组员们纷纷猜测，都相信新组长准在本组内部选拔。但究竟会看中哪一位呢？当然会是三位资深的高工之一了。
组内舆论普遍认为高工王韪希望最大。王工刚45岁，是三人中最年轻的，符合“年青化”要求。他不但能力强，而且很富创新精神，设计工作一直很出色，所搞的项目中有两项曾获部颁优秀设计奖，加上英语流利，当组长是理想人选。不过另一位高工李祖德的实力也不容忽视。李工今年47岁，业务能力平平，但和院长私交颇深，他们是同乡，又同时调来本院，过往密切。这一优势可能是决定性的。大家认为第三位高工刘仰机会最小。此人已经50岁了，来本院工作已23年，业务能力不差，只是创造性欠缺。此人四平八稳，从不与人争吵，是有名的“老好人”。不过他对各级领导过于恭顺谦卑，叫干啥，就干啥，未免有些过分，引起有些人的非议。
好几天不见院里有动静。这期间三位高工干活都特别卖劲，对人也特别和气，而且也不动声色，从不参加大家对谁会被提升的猜测和讨论。有人跟王工开玩笑说：“老王该请大伙吃一顿，要升官啦。”王工谦逊地说：“我有何德何能，配当组长？”眼中却闪着几分得意之色。
一周后，院里传来正式通知，刘工被任命为五组组长。这实在大出人们意料，在组内引起震动。落选的王、李两位虽也面露微笑，但总觉不太自然。他们显然是不那么高兴的。
刘工当然喜形于色。他认为这不仅是运气好，而且是他一贯“听话”、“敬上”的态度所致。
过了几天，院长把刘工召去，布置给五组一项内地某省设计一家中型造纸厂的任务。这厂地处穷乡僻壤，设备又全是国产的，显然属于一项没“油水”的苦差。老刘思索良久，才去找老李，说：“老李，院里下来这个项目，我看就你接了吧，反正你手头的任务马上就完了。”老李说：“对不起，这活我可干不了。我手头这项目别看已经快扫尾了，还有不少问题，一时很难解决得了。你还是让老王去干吧。”老刘说：“老王的项目正干到半当腰，他怎么能又接新活？”老李说：“那就偏劳你老兄自己吧。阁下贵为组长，理当身为表率。你不去，谁去？”老刘语塞，默默回到自己桌旁想：“真倒霉，当了组长，头回布置任务就碰了钉子，下回咋办？我知道他们也想当组长。可这回提我，是院长选上的，难道是我的不是？他们本应该支持帮助我，现在反倒给我小鞋穿。咳，都怪我自己性格太懦弱，压不住他们的气焰。这回我先干了，下回谁再敢顶我，哼，我可不会再客气，非给他点颜色看不可！”把老刘顶跑了以后，老李也很气：“想找我下手？没门！”但他的最大怨气是冲着院长来的“一点不够朋友。多年交情了，节骨眼上不拉一把。怎么会挑上老刘？这回顶回去了，准得罪了他，下回还能给我好果子吃？总不能老顶住呀！”越想越气。吃罢中饭，他闯进院长室，没好气地说：“喂，院长大人，这回您是怎么……”没等他说完，院长马上抬手让坐，说：“老李，来的正好，我正想找你呢。你先别火，听我讲清楚嘛。你知道，谁都知道咱俩的交情，我要提你，这工作很难做。我挑了老刘，因为他听话，通过他可以给你帮忙嘛。”“他帮我忙？”老李疑惑地问。院长耐心地继续说：“我眼下手头有一项美差，是设计一家大型造纸厂，重要设备全由美国引进。接办这项目，起码有两次去美国的机会。我这就向老刘布置，让他把这个项目分给你干，他会照办的。你现在最要紧的是先把手头活尽快办完，并且沉住气，千万别漏一点口风。”老
李马上笑逐颜开道：“好，够交情。不愧是院长，老谋深算。”一腔怨气化为由衷感激了。
几天后，组长老刘把李工召去，问：“你手头项目进展得怎样？”老李忙答：“快了，明天大约就能全结束。”“怎么？上星期你还说问题多得很吗。”老刘不无讥讽地大声问道。老李颇为尴尬，搓着手，说：“我全解决了。”于是老刘进一步提高音量，故意吸引全组的注意，说：“这里来了个新项目，设备主要是从美国引进。一开始和项目中期各有一次上美国出差机会，这可是咱组从来没有过的肥缺，能捞回一台彩电，外加一架录像机。老李，你想干么？”老李有点窘，但说：“我想。”全组都全神贯注地倾听着，这时不禁哗然。老王第一个大步跨过来，双臂撑在老刘的桌上，气势汹汹地厉声问道：“为什么不让我接这项目？我最有资格！我设计的项目两次得过部优奖；
我的英语流利，出国不用翻译，省了外汇。”老刘却不紧不慢地说：“哎呀，这可难办了。分配给李工干，可是院长的旨意。”老王说：“分配任务是组长的职权范围，院长也不能越级插手。你应当行使你的职权。”老刘双手一摊，嘴角带着一丝冷笑，说：“我这组长还谈得上啥职权？我布置的任务谁都能顶回来，院长的指示我还敢违抗？”老王气得微微发抖，他咬咬嘴唇，狠狠地说：“好，你走着瞧！”转身拂袖而去，门“砰”的一声带上。接连多日，王工告病未来上班。
待到王工再来上班时，他已判若两人，尤其在两方面与以前截然不一样：一方面，一反过去高效率和泼辣的作风，他经常早上迟到，下午早退。到班之后，一杯清茶，几张报纸，先悠然地读上个把小时，然后开始学习英语，一学就是一上午，还常常带上一只微型录音机。另一方面，又一反过去孤芳自赏、目空一切的态度，对组里同事特别地友好、热情，惟刘、李二工例外。他经常耐心地、无保留地把自己多年设计实践中积累的宝贵经验和诀窍传授给那些青年同事，甚至不惜以自己素来视为寸金难买的大好光阴去跟他们聊天，从人生哲学到影坛轶事，从海外奇闻到改革形势。他的渊博、幽默，使青年们大为倾倒。王工甚至主动地向组内一位曾被他斥为“低能”的助工诚恳道歉，令那青年受宠若惊。
王工宣扬最多的是学习英语的重要性。他说：“掌握了英语，受用无穷，能
使你阅读外文书刊，掌握最新技术信息，还有助于能力的提高。对青年人来说，英语比专业也许更重要，因为可能使你出国深造。此外，学习英语本身就极为有趣。你可以听懂外国电台的节目，看外国小说和电影，跟外国人交谈、交朋友。”他不但亲身实践，而且慷慨地辅导大家学。一股“英语热”席卷五组。
这当然严重影响组内设计任务的进度和质量，使组长刘工深为忧虑。一天，他走到一位正在专心读“英语900句”的助工桌前，制止他道：“工作时间不能学英语，要学业余学。这里又不是英语强化训练班。”那青年反驳道：“又不是我一个人上班念英语，干吗专找我的岔？是看我年轻好欺不成？”王工俨然以青年保护自居，立即走过来说：“对青年人要爱护嘛，为啥要打击他学习的积极性？学英语跟提高专业水平密切相关，不能那么机械地看问题嘛。我看对小陈学英语不但不该批评，相反还该表扬才是。对不对？”他转向全组，引起热烈掌声和欢呼。刘工气得说不出话。王工则得意洋洋地说：“当然，全天学英语也不好。咱们以后半天工作，半天学习，订成制度，自觉遵守，也就难给人抓辫子了。好不好？”又是一阵掌声和欢呼，王工的形象更高大了。组长的话，从此更没人听了。
李工在美国呆了个把月，满载而归：参加了谈判，参观了有关工厂，眼界大开，又带回一台高级录像机。他大声亲切地招呼全组：“咳，你们大伙都好呀。在外边呆上一个月，可真想你们呀！”不料他的热情并未引起相应的热烈反应，只有二三位青年助工不冷不热地说了一声：“呵，李工，您回来啦。”然后仍埋头干自己的事去了。李工被兜头泼了一盆冷水，觉得不大对劲，心想：“他们这是怎回事？害红眼病，嫉妒我出国呗。等他们冷静下来再说。”于是他向组长刘工介绍了他此行的详细情况，最后说：“老刘，你得至少派三个人协助我。这项目的头一个阶段就要突击出几十张图纸，下月初就得完成上交。”刘工以无可奈何的表情说：“这可不易呀。这么吧，你自己挑，挑中的我全同意。”于是李工逐个找每个同事商量。可每人都以这样、那样的借口婉拒，没人愿意跟他合作。他只好又来找刘工：“老刘，你是组长，派三个人协助我吧。”刘工于是随意指定了三名助工，交代他们道：“明天起，你们仨配合李工搞设计。就这么定了。”第二天，那三个人全没来，都托人递来了假条。李工气得暴跳如雷，大声吼道：“人
们怎么能这样？无非嫉妒我出了趟国。设计不能按期搞完，可不能怪我，老刘，你是组长，你要承担全部责任。”刘工苦笑一下，没吭声。其实他也挺矛盾：老李受抵制，他是略感一点舒坦。自从当上这么个组长，头痛的事接连不断，他怀疑自己不是当“头头”的料。开始也真想当好这组长，还花业余时间去规划组里的工作和青年组员培养工作。见鬼去吧！什么计划，白费劲！以前自己太傻、太老实了，以后可得学乖点。有权不用，过期作废嘛。
不久，五组又领了一项有出国考察机会的设计任务。这回刘工谁也没告诉，当仁不让，悄悄地自己一个人接了下来。坐在飞往欧洲的飞机上，他想：“这回这组长总算没白当。我才不管人家怎么说呢。我如今算看透了，自己不照顾自己，鬼才会想得到你。”赴欧归来，刘工发现全组上班时干啥事的都有：聊天、看报、念英语、听录音机，可就没人干活。但如今他都不再操心了，他感兴趣是他从国外带回的20寸彩电。
院长终于发现五组这种极不正常的情况。他召集全组开会，撤了刘工组长的职，任命王工继任组长。刘工为此一点不觉沮丧，反而如释重负。王工则不但拒绝出任组长，反而递上辞职申请书，去一家乡镇企业另谋高就了。听说他一个月实际收入可达几千元，也不知道这传说是真是假。
问题：1.刘工的管理风格是什么样的？请运用所学过的领导理论分析刘工的领导行为特征。
答：刘工的管理风格属于放任自流型、低组织低关心人、贫乏型的管理方式。①运用相关的领导行为理论来看，他首先属于放任自流型的领导方式。在他的整个领导过程中，整体工作效率低下，对员工没有威信和说服力，下属对他的领导极为不满，成员又没有相应的责任感，士气低沉，争吵较多，严重影响组织效率和组织目标的实现，属于最不可取的领导方式。
②按照“四分图理论”来看，他的领导方式则属于“低组织低关心人”的领导方式，在本就工作效率不高，目标达成困难的情况下，又不顾及、关心下属，有好事揽给自己：“不久，五组又领了一项出国考察的任务。这回刘工谁也没告诉，当仁不让，悄悄自己接下来”，导致了本就“低组织”的情况又多了“低关
心人”，使得“出差回来后干啥事的都有，就没人干活”，这种领导方式亦不可取。
③按照“管理方格图理论”来看，他则属于贫乏型管理的领导方式，对人对工作的关心程度都很低。
2.院长为什么要撤刘工的组长职务？请用领导素质理论分析刘工的个人素质特点。
答：因为刘工不是一个优秀的领导者，不懂得领导艺术，不能为组织提高效率，没有发挥应有的领导效能。
用领导素质理论来分析刘工的个人素质：①文中提到刘工“业务能力不差，但缺乏创造性；
四平八稳，从不与人争吵，是有名的？老好人？；
对领导过于恭顺卑谦，引起很多人的非议”这些都指出了刘工不具备成为一个优秀领导者的潜质。
②在一个优秀领导者应该具备的素质中指出应该富有创新性，而刘工欠缺；
应该能够对下属提出正确的批评意见，指导下属对工作和个人的反思，刘工也欠缺；
能够和下属打成一片，体恤关心下属，创造一个良好的工作氛围和环境，为提高组织效率服务，他同样也欠缺。
③按照领导素质理论中的十大条件论来分析，刘工的个人素质中欠缺合作精神，主要表现为他不能赢得别人的合作；
决策能力不高，下属对他的决策也可以不服从；
组织能力不高，不能很好的组织有限的人力、物力；
不精于授权；
不善于应变，对已发事件不能很好的处理，更无法善后，导致最后职位被撤；
完全没有创新，没有自己的想法，领导怎么安排就怎么服从，从让李工出差就能体现出来；
对下属和工作缺乏高度的责任心。
④当然，刘工当然也有自己的性格优点，比如说他为人和善，不与人争吵，尊重他人，业务能力也不错等等，以上的种种说明刘工的性格特点不适合做管理者，在组织角色中也许更适合做“支持帮助者”，帮助上级完成任务，所以“当他的职务被撤后他自己也松了一口气”。这也告诉我们要学会用人，要把不同性格特点的人运用到合适的职位上。
3.请用领导素质理论分析王工的个人素质特点，他为何不但拒绝出任组长，
反而递上辞职申请书，去一家乡镇企业另谋高就？答：①王工的性格特点具备一个成为优秀领导者的潜质，主要表现为“能力强”，具备成为一个优秀管理者的能力水平；
“富有创新精神，设计工作一直很出色”，具备扎实的专业知识；
后来，“改变孤芳自赏，目空一切的态度，对同事友好、热情，传授经验”等等，为他奠定了很好的人际关系基础，形成了成为优秀领导者必备的很好的人脉，有助于发挥自己的“人格魅力”，加上他“知识渊博、幽默”，使得“青年们大为倾倒”。这一切的一切，都说明王工具备了一个优秀领导者应该具备的素质。
②他之所以拒绝出任组长，递辞呈去另一家企业发展，主要是为了寻求自身更好的发展，充分实现个人自我实现的需要，“李工和领导关系好”，在单位继续做下去难保日后不会重新出现类似这次这样的问题，耽误自身的发展，所以不如干脆去一个更适合自己发展的公司，实现自身价值。
4.请用管理方格图理论分析院长的领导风格特点。
答：略5.这个案例对你有哪些的启示？如何认识领导者权力的来源？答：略第4次任务试题及答案一、作品题(共1道试题，共100分。1.内容：开展社会调查，并提交社会调查报告。
目的：学会运用组织行为学的基本理论和专业技术，去分析企业或其它社会组织的组织行为学和开发的现状，方式：从你的家人、亲戚或同学朋友中，选择一个你比较熟悉或容易访问到的企事业单位，对它的主要领导者或你熟悉的员工进行一次访问，请围绕如何成为一名成功的管理者，写出一个600字至1000字的调查报告。
本次任务要求说明以下内容：1.该企事业单位的名称、住址、主要经营活动或工作内容；
2.该企事业单位领导班子的现状及问题；
3.重点分析该单位的领导班子素质和工作作风；
4.你的收获是什么？怎样才能成为一名成功的管理者？注：上述报告可以通过各种途径收集资料，你可以查阅有关文献，咨询一些专家，也可以到网上搜索一些资料来左证你的观点。要求注明资料来源。凡资料详实、来源清楚的至少可以得及格分；
凡资料不实，来源不清的为不及格。
提示：综合运用相关章节的理论实施：要求独立完成形考任务。
参考答案：新疆九洲熏蒸消毒有限责任公司是从事检疫处理的专业公司。经营网点遍布新疆各主要口岸，包括15个陆路口岸和2个航空口岸，还有3个分公司(阿拉山口分公司、吐尔尕特分公司、霍尔果斯分公司，管理新疆出入境检疫处理工作。以实现新疆检疫处理产业化为目标，倡导优质服务，重视企业文化，树立品牌意识，积极开拓市场。自2001年9月成立以来，我公司在做好检疫处理工作、促进外贸事业发展方面成绩斐然，企业核心竞争能力不断增强，取得了令人瞩目的经营业绩。
经营范围：对出入境的动植物、动植物产品、运载工具、尸体、棺柩、骸骨以及其染疫货物进行检疫处理，消灭有害生物。
新疆九洲熏蒸消毒有限责任公司为全资国有企业，是取得了新疆检验检疫局颁发的《熏蒸消毒资格证》的专业的熏蒸消毒公司，并通过ISO9001——2000质量管理体系认证。公司坚持“安全、高效、诚信”的原则，认真开展检疫处理工作。主要从事新疆出入境动物、植物以及动物产品、植物产品、交通工具等卫生处理和除害处理工作。经过十年的建设发展，已成规模化经营。公司在阿拉山口分公司建有实验基地，主要对检疫处理货物进行抽样检测、实验分析、效果评价等方面的研究。
该企业的领导班子一般都是由部队上专业下来的退伍军人，政治素质过硬，该企业实行准军事化管理，有很多做法和部队相似。一个有效的领导者，应具备优良的政治素质、优秀的道德素质、过硬的知识素质、较强的能力素质、良好的心理素质和强健的身体素质。
该公司领导班子由经理、副经理、经理助理及六个部门经理组成。存在的问题：1.部分领导干部政治理论水平不高、学习能力不强，学习意识淡薄，与实际工作需求不相适应。
2.部分领导干部综合知识面较窄，运用水平较低。一些领导干部对行业的业务较为熟悉，但对行业外的知识较缺乏。有些干部自我感觉良好，认为自己经验丰富，吃老本。
3.思想不够解放，缺乏进取心。部分领导干部工作责任心不强，行动上慢半
拍，工作开拓性、主动性不强，力度不大，等、靠、要等思想严重。
我在工作中吸取的教训是加强业务知识学习，提高思想认识，提高工作的积极性，要想成为好的领导者应该最好一下几个方面：一、要订适当的目标每一个成熟管理者都有有一个具体的目标,并且愿意为目标努力,这个目标不能订得太高而达不到,它必需适度的激励,同时成熟的管理者知道完成任何事情都要付出代价,不可能无中生有。成熟的管理者也明白资源是有限的,资金、人力、时间等各种资源一定得依照相关完成目标的先后次序分配好。
二、树立足够的自信一个成熟的管理者能接受决策,采取行动实行的责任,他不能故意将困难决策拖到最后才做,也不能请上司代做。从经验中得知,管理者往往不能等所有事情都清楚时再做决策,他通常得在资料情报不足的班干部做决定,所以管理者的经验和判断力也是很重要的。成熟管理者对自己做决策和实行能力必需有足够的信心,寄存器怕犯错的管理者拖延而迟迟不做决定,这会引起更严重的后果。
三、学会从别人那里取得帮助管理者是透过别人而使工作完成的人,所以一个成熟的管理者必需能接受别人的帮助。授权可被定义为委托权力和责任给他人,所有有关管理的书都有说管理者应授权给下属,但是许多管理者认为授权是很难做到的事情,人了是怕别人做的没有自己做的好,一个成熟的管理者就知道自己并不能做全部事情,所以能谦虚的接受别人帮助,同时适当的表达他对别人帮助的感谢。
四、成功的管理者要让员工乐起来有一位管理者说过:“要让员工干起来,先让员工乐起来。”此言点到了管理妙处。作为管理者,要充分尊重每一个员工,为员工的发展和进步提供公正的机遇,为他们的工作与生活提供和谐的环境,让员工“乐起来”。
“尊”则乐。抵触源自个人价值得不到尊重。现代管理学著名的霍桑实验证明,与改善工作环境、实行绩效奖金、严明奖罚等措施比起来,经常与员工进行座谈沟通,给员工以“主人翁”的尊严和损益共担的归属感,更能广泛而持久地促进工作效率的提高。“公”则乐。怨气源自管理者待人处事不公、员工心理失衡。
绝大部分员工能勤奋工作,不怕苦和累,最怕管理者不讲原则,从个人利益、个人好恶出发,待人有亲疏、处事有厚薄,提拔、评优、奖励、晋级等不公正、不公开,使员工失去公平竞争的机会。这也正是有些管理者“其身不正,虽令不从”的原因所在。管理者只有做到公道正派、公正廉明,员工才能口服心服,干好各项工作。“和”则乐。不满源自管理者无情管理有余,融洽和谐不足。古人说:“欲谋胜败,先谋人和。”五、成功的管理者要学会激励与控制一个成熟的管理者必需懂得如何激励和控制自己,有时候甚至要强迫自己去做困难。不愉快但必需去做的事,小孩子做事喜欢别人奖励,成人就必需学习在奖励较少的环境中完成工作,多数成人都是靠自我激励来完成工作,控制自己的脾气是对管理者的一种挑战,幼稚气常会造成无理性的行为而导致人际关系的破裂,一个容易发脾气的管理者,最先学习的应该是控制自己的脾气。
六、充分利用时间时间是有限的资源,一个成熟的管理者必需谨慎的分配时间于他所希望完成的计划中,往往在做某个号召时会牺牲完成另一件事的机会,最节省时间的办法就是不去做那些不需要完成的事,成熟的管理者能够区分紧急的事和重要的事,因为紧急有事不见得是重要的事,而重要的事又不见得会是紧争的事。
七、建立并维持和他人友善的关系成熟的管理者和他人建立并维持良好的关系。这种关系建成立在人与人互相接的基础上,也许在私人方面彼此并不喜欢,但在工作上一定要相处和谐,并尊重他人的工作能力。处处为他人着想是建立良好人际关系的第一步。成熟的管理者必需能了解,接受他人的意见的能力,克服自己的偏见,同时适当的对他人表示出自己的感觉。成熟的管理者听取别人的感觉和意见,并试着去了解他不见得要同意别人,但一定要使别人知道,了解他们的思想,友善的与他人沟通,达到良好的人际关系。
八、树立市场观念,应对市场变化第一,要改变观念,面向市场。企业面对的就是市场。过去是有困难找上级,找领导。领导“点头”你就放心办,领导“摇头”你就千万别办,简单得很。可是现在不行了,现在“点头”、“摇头”都要你自己做决定,没人给你出主意。而做“决定”的根据就是“市场”。
第二,要及时应对市场变化。市场时时在变,甚至瞬息万变。管理者不但要管好企业内部的事,而且要眼观六路,耳听八方,时时注意市场的动向,及时调整自己的经营策略。这样才能确保企业立于不败之地。
第5次任务试题及答案一、单项选择题(共10道试题，共10分。1.谈话法属于组织行为学的哪种研究方法？[答案]B.调查法2.具有高水平的专长，善于在活动中进行创造性思维，引发灵感，活动成果突出而优异的人属于(C。
[答案]C.天才3.通过社会知觉获得个体某一行为特征的突出印象，进而将此扩大为他的整体行为特征，这种知觉属于(B。
[答案]B.晕轮效应4.当一个人在爱情问题上受到挫折后并未消沉，而是更加努力学习和工作，使工作做出了显著的成绩。这种行为反应是(B。
[答案]B.升化的行为反应5.当群体目标和组织目标协调一致时，凝聚力与生产率就会出现如下关系(B。
[答案]C.低凝聚力高生产率6.在紧急情况下或与公司利益关系重大的问题上，冲突的处理方式是(A。
[答案]A.强制7.领导的连续流理论是(B提出的。
[答案]B.坦南鲍母和施密特8.帕森斯是从哪个角度来划分组织类型的？[答案]A.社会功能9.下面哪一个不是组织的基本要素？[答案]A.人际关系10.下面哪一项不是以任务和技术为中心的主要变革措施？[答案]D.建立规章制度二、多项选择题(共10道试题，共20分。1.组织行为学的研究方法包括(ACDE。
A.调查法B.面试法C.实验法D.个案研究法E.观察法2.当出现认知不协调时，认知主体消除不协调的方法有(ABC。
A.改变行为B.改变态度C.引进新的认知元素D.不予理采E.重新进行角色定位3.麦克利兰的激励需求理论认为在人的生理需要得到基本基本满足后，还有以下需要(ADE。
A.成就需要B.生存需要C.安全需要D.权力需要E.归属需要4.人们在群体中可以获得的需要和满足有(ABCD。
A.安全需要B.情感需要C.尊重和认同需要D.完成任务的需要E.实现组
织目标的需要5.领导规范模式(领导参与理论提出了选择领导方式的原则是(ABCDE。
A.信息的原则B.不接受型原则C.冲突的原则D.合理的原则E.目标合适的原则6.按何种心理机制占优势来划分，可把性格分为(ACDE。
A.理智型B.内倾型C.情绪型D.意志型E.中间型7.一个合理化的领导班子应该具有的特征是(ABCDE。
A.梯形的年龄结构B.互补的知识结构C.配套的专业结构D.叠加的智能结构E.协调的气质结构8.组织文化的结构层次是什么？ACDA.物质层B.基础层C.制度层D.精神层E.心理层9.以任务和技术为中心的变革措施主要包括：(ABC。
A.工作再设计B.目标管理C.建立社会技术系统D.建立规章制度E.分工10.柔性化表现为(AB。
A.集权与分权的统一B.稳定和变革的统一C.集中和分散的统一D.传统和创新的统一E.领导和群众的统一三、判断题(共5道试题，共10分。1.群体行为是组织行为学研究的基础和出发点。
[答案]错误2.黑胆汁占优势的属于胆汁质气质。
[答案]错误3.保健因素同工作内容有关，激励因素与工作环境有关。[答案]错误4.敏感性训练是通过结构小组的相互作用改变行为的方法。[答案]错误5.组织只是群体的总称,它不是管理的一种职能。
[答案]错误四、简答题(共5道试题，共25分。1.什么是组织行为学？研究和学习组织行为学有何重要意义？答：组织行为学是综合运用与人有关的各种知识，采用系统分析的方法，研究一定组织中人的行为规律，从而提高各级主管人员对人的行为的预测和引导能力，以便更有效地实现组织目标的一门科学。
加强组织行为学的研究和应用，对于改进管理工作和提高管理水平，对于培养和选拔各级管理人才，改进领导作风和提高领导水平，对于提高工作绩效，对于改进干群关系，调动广大职工群众的积极性、主动性和创造性，增强企业事业单位的活力和提高社会生产力，都具有重要的意义：(1有助于加强以人为中心
的管理，充分调动人的积极性、主动性和创造性；
(2有助于知人善任，合理地使用人才；
(3有助于改善人际关系，增强群体的合理凝聚力和向心力，促进社会的和谐发展；
(4有助于提高领导水平，改善领导者和被领导者的关系；
(5有助于组织变革和组织发展。
2.什么是气质？气质差异有何作用？答：气质，被定义为是一种心理活动的动力性特点。它与我们日常生活中提到的“脾气”、“秉性”有很相似的内容。对个体的行为类型进行分析的工作，在人类社会早期就有记载。根据神经类型特点与心理动力性特点的结合，人们确定典型的气质的类型包括以下四种：多血质；
胆汁质；
粘液质；
抑郁质。气质差异的应用的范围：人机关系；
人际关系；
思想教育，此外，要选拔和培训某些特殊专业的人员，也必须运用气质差异，以提高培训效果。应用的原则：气质绝对原则；
气质互补原则；
气质发展原则。
3.群体决策有哪些方法？答：群体决策的方法有：头脑风暴法；
德尔菲法；
提喻法(哥顿法；
方案前提分析法；
非交往型程序化决策术。
4.人际交往应遵循哪些原则？如何改善人际交往？答：人际交往的原则：平等原则；
互利原则；
信用原则；
相容原则。改善人际关系的途径：在组织中，改善人际关系必须从领导和群众两个方面入手。
5.什么是工作压力？怎样正确认识和正确对待工作压力？答：所谓压力，是指人在对付那些自己认为很难对付的情况时，所产生的情绪上和身体上的异常反应。它是人和环境的相互作用的结果，是机体内部状态，是焦虑、强烈的情绪和生理上的唤醒，以及挫折等各种情感和反应。压力在心理上产生的作用就是紧张。压力状态由两方面的因素构成：一个是威胁，也称“紧张刺激物”；
另一个是由个体生理上可测量的变化和个体行为组成的反应。
组织行为学家的研究成果表明，个人是否能够体验到工作压力，主要取决于知觉、经历、压力与工作绩效关系、人际关系等因素。这是因为每个人所具有这四个因素的情况不同，所以压力的体验完全是因人而异的。
压力所引起的情感反应因人而异，受性别、文化背景、遗传、环境和对付压力的方法等各种因素的制约。
人们体验到压力之后，就会有反应。这种反应可以是畏缩或者奋争。这种反应影响到肌肉、眼睛、呼吸速度和心跳速度，使躯体作好临敌逃脱或奋勇抵抗的准备。大脑向位于两肾上端的肾上腺发出指令，该指令迅速得到辨认，人体便开始分泌肾上腺素。
一般来说，压力来源于环境因素、组织因素和个人因素三个方面。压力产生的后果有积极和消极两种，但通常更多的是表现在消极方面。在美国研究人员发现，每年由于与压力有关的疾病所导致的劳动生产率下降的损失高达600亿美元。压力的消极作用表现在生理、情绪和行为三个方面。压力对生理的影响包括：血压升高、尿频、易怒、缺乏食欲等。压力对情绪的影响包括：发怒、忧虑、意志消沉、影响自尊心、智力功能降低、神经过敏、激动、对领导的愤慨、以及对工作不满等。压力对行为影响包括：工作绩效降低、缺勤率高、工伤事故率高、有冲动性行为、以及难于沟通等。
低于中等水平的压力感有助于员工提高工作绩效。但经受的压力感水平过高，或中等水平压力感持续的时间过长，都会使员工绩效降低。这时就需要管理人员采取行动通过组织途径来改变行为方式以减轻和抵消压力,员工个人可以积极参加体育活动，从而增强抵消压力的本领。
五、简答题(共1道试题，共10分。1.试述如何评价组织行为的有效性？答：现代社会的发展，正深刻地影响着各种组织，各种组织只有顺应历史潮流迎接挑战，不断调整与完善自身的结构和功能，提高自身的灵活性和适应能力，才能求得生存和发展。组织变革与发展的目标就是要实现组织行为的合理化，组织行为合理化就是组织在适应社会发展的进程中，如何使自身的结构和功能更加完善和合理，以提高组织的灵活性和适应性，创造出更和谐的组织环境和更高的社会经济效益的过程。组织行为合理化必须有一定的标准，它是对组织活动全过程的反映，所以其评价准则和尺度不是单一的，而是一个综合的、多层次的指标体系。通常一个组织公道正派的行为准则包括明确的长远理念、开创新的事业、兴和谐之道、立诚信之本。结合组织对员工行为规范、员工行为准则、组织对内行为规范和对外行为规范构成一个有机的评价体系。这个体系包括组织的静态、动
态和心理要素等方面的评价准则和尺度。具体来讲它包括组织结构的合理化、组织运行要素的有效性、组织气氛的和谐性、组织成员行为的绩效等方面。
六、简答题(共1道试题，共25分。1.利民公司的组织结构变革利民公司于1991年开创时只是一家小面包房，开设一间商店。到2000年因经营得法，又开设了另外八间商店，拥有十辆卡车，可将产品送往全市和近郊各工厂，公司职工达120人。公司老板唐济简直是随心所欲地经营着他的企业，他的妻子和三个子女都被任命为高级职员。他的长子唐文曾经劝他编制组织结构图，明确公司各部门的权责，使管理更有条理。唐却认为，由于没有组织图，他才可能机动地分配各部门的任务，这正是他取得成功的关键。正式的组织结构图会限制他的经营方式，使他不能适应环境和职员能力方面的变化。后来在2002年，唐文还是按现实情况绘出一张组织结构图，见图１。由于感到很不合理，没敢对父亲讲。
2003年唐济突然去世，家人协商由刚从大学毕业的唐文继任总经理，掌握公司大权。唐文首先想到的是改革公司的组织结构，经过反复思考，设计出另一张组织结构图，见图２。他自认为这一改革有许多好处，对公司发展有利。但又感到也会遇到一些问题，例如将家庭成员从重要职位上调开，可能使他们不满(尽管他了解公司职工对其父原来的安排都有些怨言。于是他准备逐步实施这项改革，争取用一年左右的时间去完成它。
问题：⑴唐文为什么要把组织结构改成图２的样子，原先的结构有什么问题？答：因为唐文为了便于自己对公司进行集中领导，有利于他实施控制与管理，所以要对以前的组织结构进行改革。改革后的组织结构是典型的直线职能结构：他包含了直线关系、参谋和委员会，管理层次分明，且具有集中领导，便于调配人力、财力和物力；
职责分明，有利于提高办事效率；
秩序井然，使整个组织有教高稳定性的优点。
原先的组织结构具有多头领导、权责不明、管理层次混乱、管理跨度不合理等缺点。
⑵唐文改革组织结构可能遇到什么问题？答：唐文改革组织结构可能遇到以下问题：①来自公司上下员工观念上的阻力；
②因地位变化产生的阻力；
③
来自人们的生活习惯方面的阻力；
④来自社会环境方面的阻力，如人们的职责或批评等。
⑶他应当如何分步骤地予以实施？答：他应该分以下步骤予以实施：①要开展宣传教育活动；
②要利用群体动力，发动群众讨论和参与组织结构改革；
③举办培训班，号召人们促进与支持改革；
④奖惩分明，使用力场分析法，奖励先进、教育后进，增强支持改革的因素，削弱反对因素。
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